Anatomy- Male Repro System Flashcards by Ashley Moss

Which muscle’s contraction, described in the source, helps reduce the surface area of scrotal skin in cold conditions?
A) Cremasteric muscle
B) External oblique muscle
C) Dartos muscle
D) Internal oblique muscle
E) Transversus abdominis muscle

C) Dartos muscle

Countercurrent heat exchange mechanism
Contraction of dartos muscle
Scrotal swear glands are numerous

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The source states that sperms are produced by the testes and transported via a series of ducts. Which structure is the final duct listed in this series before entering the prostatic part of the urethra?
A) Epididymis
B) Vas deferens
C) Ejaculatory ducts
D) Seminal vesicles
E) Rete testis

E) Rete testis

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Where are the bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands) located according to the provided text?
A) Inside the pelvic cavity
B) Outside the pelvic cavity
C) In the deep perineal pouch
D) Attached to the posterior border of the testis
E) Near the upper pole of the testis

C) In the deep perineal pouch

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According to the source, the left testis is usually at a lower level than the right. What is the reason for this?

This is because the left spermatic cord is longer so the left testes will hang lower

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The appendix of the testis is described as a remnant of which embryonic duct?
A) Mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct)
B) Paramesonephric duct (Mullerian duct)
C) Ductus deferens
D) Gubernaculum testis
E) Efferent ductules

B) Paramesonephric duct (Mullerian duct)

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What is stated as the primary function of the epididymis in the provided text?
A) Production of testosterone
B) Production of seminal fluid
C) Temporary storage and maturation of sperm cells
D) Transport of sperms from the ejaculatory duct
E) Thermoregulation of the testis

C) Temporary storage and maturation of sperm cells

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List the layers of the testes.

Tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea
Tunica vasculosa

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List the layers of the tunica vaginalis.

Parietal — line the innermost part of the scrotum
Visceral — covers the front and sides of the testes and epididymis

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The tunica vaginalis covers the front and sides of the testis and epididymis but NOT which aspect of the testis?
A) Upper pole
B) Lower pole
C) Anterior border
D) Posterior aspect
E) Medial surface

D) Posterior aspect

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What type of tissue comprises the tunica albuginea?

Fibrous tissue

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Sperms are produced in which structures within the lobules of the testis?
A) Rete testis
B) Efferent ductules
C) Straight seminiferous tubules
D) Convoluted seminiferous tubules
E) Interstitial tissue

D) Convoluted seminiferous tubules

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The tunica vasculosa lies deep to the tunica albuginea and consists of a capillary plexus derived from branches of which artery?
A) Inferior epigastric artery
B) Artery to the vas deferens
C) Cremasteric artery
D) Testicular artery
E) Obturator artery

D) Testicular artery

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At what vertebral level does the testicular artery arise from the abdominal aorta, according to the source?
A) T10
B) T11
C) L1
D) L2
E) L3

Abdominal aorta - L2

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Give the arterial supply of the testes.

Testicular artery
Vas deferens artery
Cremasteric artery

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What do the testicular veins form?

Pampiniform plexus

Plexus responsible for testicular thermoregulaion along with testicular artery

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How does the drainage of the left testicular vein differ from the right testicular vein according to the source?
A) The right drains into the renal vein, while the left drains into the IVC.
B) The left drains into the renal vein, while the right drains into the IVC.
C) Both drain directly into the IVC.
D) Both drain directly into the renal veins.
E) The left drains into the prostatic plexus, while the right drains into the vesical plexus.

B) The left drains into the renal vein, while the right drains into the IVC.

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According to the source, which anatomical factor contributes to varicoceles being more common on the left side?

A) The left testicular vein opens into the left renal vein at an acute angle.
B) The right testicular vein is longer than the left.
C) The left testicular vein passes posterior to the descending colon.
D) The left testis is usually higher than the right.
E) The left spermatic cord is shorter than the right.

C) The left testicular vein passes posterior to the descending colon.

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What type of nerve fibers supply the testes?

T10 - T11

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Testicular pain is often referred to the umbilical region due to shared segmental innervation from which spinal cord segment(s)?
A) L1
B) L2
C) T10
D) T11
E) T10 and T11

T10

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What is the clinical condition described as a tortuous and dilated pampiniform plexus of veins, where the spermatic cord may feel like a “bag of worms” on palpation?
A) Hydrocele
B) Hematocele
C) Spermatocele
D) Varicocele
E) Testicular torsion

D) Varicocele

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State the relations of the posterior boarder of the testes

Epididymis - posterio- laterally
Vas deferens - postero- medially

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Give the function of the epididymis.

Temporary storage and maturation of sperm cells.

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List the factors responsible for the maintaining the temperature of the scrotum.

Countercurrent heat mechanism between the testicular artery and pampiniform plexus
Contraction of dartos muscle
Scrotal sweat glands are numerous

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Give the lining of the following:
A) Epididymis
B) Testes
C) Seminiferous tubules
D) Vas Deferens

A) Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
B) Tunica albuginea
C) Stratified epithelium
D) Pseudo stratified epithelium

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To which lymph nodes does the lymphatic drainage of the testis primarily go? A) Superficial inguinal nodes B) Deep inguinal nodes C) External iliac nodes D) Retroperitoneal lumbar (para-aortic) nodes E) Mediastinal nodes

D) Retroperitoneal lumbar (para-aortic) nodes

Discuss the transformation process of spermatogonia.

By the process of spermatogenesis: Spermatogonia > spermatids > spermatozonia.

Which cells are found in the interstitial connective tissue between the seminiferous tubules and are responsible for secreting androgen (testosterone)? A) Sertoli cells B) Spermatogonia C) Fibroblasts D) Interstitial cells of Leydig E) Spermatids

D) Interstitial cells of Leydig

What is the appendix of the epididymis, and of what is it a remnant?

Remnant of mesophrenic duct (Wolffian Duct)

Where does the vas deferens begin and terminates?

Begins - tail of epididymis Terminates - joins the seminiferous duct to form ejaculatory duct.

What artery supplies the ductus deferens and from which artery does it arise?

Ductus deferens artery/ Vas deferens artery Branch of inferior vesical artery

Into which lymph nodes does the vas deferens drain?

External iliac lymph nodes

From what embryological structure does the vas deferens develop?

Mesophrenic duct (Wolffian duct)

What type of tissue lines the vas deferens?

Pseudo- stratified epithelium/ ciliated columnar epithelium

According to the source, enlargement of which lymph nodes may sometimes be the only sign of testicular cancer? A) Superficial inguinal B) Deep inguinal C) External iliac D) Retroperitoneal lumbar (para-aortic) E) Supraclavicular

D) Retroperitoneal lumbar (para-aortic)

What type of cells are described as providing mechanical support and protection for developing germ cells in the seminiferous tubules? A) Spermatogonia B) Spermatids C) Interstitial cells of Leydig D) Fibroblasts E) Supporting (Sertoli) cells

E) Supporting (Sertoli) cells Also aid in nutrition and maturation of spermatozoa

Where do the right and left seminal vesicles lie?

Behind the bladder, in front of the rectum

From what embryological structure do the seminal vesicles develop?

Mesophrenic duct

What are the components of seminal fluid?

Fructose, choline, prostaglandin and vesculose Note: Seminal fluid is alkaline

What is the correlation of the seminal vesicle with the ejaculatory duct?

The end of the seminal vesicle joins with the vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct

What type of epithelium lines the mucous membrane of the seminal vesicle?

Simple columnar epithelium

Give the arterial and venous supply of the seminal vesicles.

Arterial - middle rectal and inferior vesical artery Venous - vesical Venus plexus

State the lymphatic drainage of the *seminal vesicle*.

External and internal iliac lymph

By the union of what two structures is the ejaculatory duct formed?

Vas deferens and seminal vesicle

Through what part of the prostate does the ejaculatory duct open into?

Prostatic urethra

From what artery does the ejaculatory duct receive its arterial supply?

Ductus deferens/ Vas deferens artery

Into what venous plexuses does the ejaculatory duct drain?

Vesicle venous plexus

Into which lymph nodes does the ejaculatory duct drain?

External iliac lymph nodes

Where is the prostate gland located?

Deep in the pelvic cavity

What hormone influences the size and activity of the prostate?

Testosterone

Into what structure is the secretion of the prostate added?

Prostatic urethra

According to the source, which type of spermatogenic cell is found lying directly on the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule? A) Spermatogonia B) Primary spermatocytes C) Secondary spermatocytes D) Spermatids E) Spermatozoa

A) Spermatogonia

What is described as a surgical emergency involving the twisting of the spermatic cord or rotation of the testis within the scrotum? A) Hydrocele B) Hematocele C) Spermatocele D) Varicocele E) Torsion of the testis or spermatic cord

E) Torsion of the testis or spermatic cord What is the likely outcome of this? Necrosis

What condition is described as the presence of excess fluid in the persistent processus vaginalis? A) Hematocele B) Spermatocele C) Hydrocele D) Varicocele E) Epididymal cyst

C) Hydrocele

To what structure is the apex and base of the prostate related?

Apex- superficial fascia of urogential diaphragm Posterior - neck of the bladder

Regarding the prostate, To what is the anterior and posterior surface related?

Anterior - retro pubic space Posterior - rectum of ampulla

By what are the infero-lateral surfaces of the prostate related?

Levator ani muscle

What structures are located within the prostate?

Prostatic urethra Ejaculatory duct Prostatic utricle - paramesophrenic duct

Name the lobes of the prostate.

Anterior Posterior Median Right and left lateral

Testicular cancer (seminoma) typically arises from which type of cells? A) Sertoli cells B) Leydig cells C) Germ cells D) Fibroblasts E) Smooth muscle cells

C) Germ cells

List the supporting ligaments of the prostate.

Urogenital diaphragm Pubo- prostatic ligaments Recto- vesicle fascia

From what arteries does the prostate receive its arterial supply? State the venous supply.

Internal pudenal Middle rectal Inferior vesical Venous - prostatic venous plexus

From what embryological structure does the glandular part of the prostate develop?

Endodermal - 3rd month

From what embryological structure does the fibromuscular part of the prostate develop?

Splanchic mesoderm - 4th month

What are the features of the prostatic urethra?

Urethra crest Colliculus seminalis Prostatic sinus

The trigone of the bladder is in connection with which lobe of the prostate

Median

Give the location of the lobes of the prostate

Anterior - in front of the prostatic urethra Posterior - behind the urethra and below of the ejaculatory duct Median - behind the urethra and above the duct Rt and Lt lateral - on the sides of the urethra

State the function of the smooth muscle of the prostate.

Compresses the follicles to facilitate drainage into the prostatic urethra

Give the nerve supply of the prostate and state its significance.

Parasympathetic- pelvic splanchic nerves - responsible of erection Sympathetic - L1 segment - responsible for ejaculation.

What is the function of the striated muscle for the prostate?

Expand the urethra to accommodate seminal fluid before ejaculation

What are the prostatic sinuses?

Structures in which 15-20 ducts pour their secretions into to be expelled by the urethra.

What do the bulbourethral glands produce?

Pre- ejaculate

What kind of glands are the bulbourethral glands?

Exocrine of male reproductive system

What is the function of the secretion of the bulburethral glands?

Neutralizes residual activity in the urethra

Anatomy- Male Repro System Flashcards

(73 cards)