Anatomy - Uterus

Question 1

According to the source, the uterus is situated in the lesser pelvis between which two organs?
a) Bladder and sigmoid colon
b) Bladder and rectum
c) Rectum and small intestine
d) Vagina and bladder

Answer 1

b) Bladder and rectum

Question 2

Superiorly, the uterus communicates on each side with the uterine tube, and inferiorly, it communicates with which structure?
a) Rectum
b) Bladder
c) Vagina
d) Cervical Canal

Answer 2

c) Vagina

Question 3

The angle of antiflexion and anteversion of the uterus is formed at what angles?

Answer 3

Antiversion 90 degrees
Antiflexion - 170 degrees

Question 4

The fundus of the uterus is described as being superior to the entry point of which structures?
a) Utero-sacral ligaments
b) Round ligaments
c) Uterine tubes
d) Ovarian ligaments

Answer 4

c) Uterine tubes

Question 5

According to the source, where is the fertilized ovum usually implanted?
a) Anterior wall of the fundus
b) Posterior wall of the fundus
c) Anterior wall of the body
d) Posterior wall of the cervix

Answer 5

b) Posterior wall of the fundus

Question 6

State the lining of the Fundus.

Answer 6

Peritoneum

Question 7

The posterior surface of the body of the uterus is related to the coils of the small intestine and sigmoid colon, and its peritoneal covering continues down to the cervix and upper vagina before reflecting back to the rectum to form which pouch?
a) Vesico-uterine pouch
b) Recto-uterine pouch (of Douglas)
c) Recto-vaginal fold
d) Utero-vesical fold

Answer 7

b) Recto-uterine pouch (of Douglas)

Question 8

The lateral borders of the body of the uterus give attachment to which ligament?
a) Round ligament of the uterus
b) Ligament of the ovary
c) Broad ligament of the uterus
d) Mackenrodt’s ligament

Answer 8

c) Broad ligament of the uterus

Question 9

Antero-inferior to the opening of the uterine tube at the lateral border of the uterus, which ligament is attached?
a) Ligament of the ovary
b) Round ligament of the uterus
c) Utero-sacral ligament
d) Broad ligament

Answer 9

b) Round ligament of the uterus

Question 10

The cavity of the cervix is called the cervical canal, which communicates anterosuperiorly with the cavity of the body of the uterus through the:
a) External os
b) Vaginal fornix
c) Internal os
d) Fundus

Answer 10

c) Internal os

Question 11

Posterior- inferior to the opening of the uterine tube at the lateral border of the uterus, which ligament is attached?
a) Ligament of the ovary
b) Round ligament of the uterus
c) Utero-sacral ligament
d) Broad ligament

Answer 11

a) Ligament of the ovary

Question 12

The vaginal part of the cervix projects into the vaginal cavity, forming grooves around its perimeter called:
a) Utero-vesical folds
b) Recto-uterine pouches
c) Vaginal fornices
d) Parametrium

Answer 12

c) Vaginal fornices

Question 13

The fibro-fatty tissue between the two layers of the broad ligament and below the body of the uterus, which is more abundant near the cervix and vagina, is called the:
a) Perimetrium
b) Myometrium
c) Endometrium
d) Parametrium

Answer 13

d) Parametrium

Question 14

The anterior and lateral supravaginal part of the cervix is separated from the bladder by which type of tissue mentioned in the source?
a) Fibromuscular tissue
b) Fibro-fatty tissue (Parametrium)
c) Stratified squamous epithelium
d) Connective tissue stroma

Answer 14

b) Fibro-fatty tissue (Parametrium)

Question 15

State the following relations of the suprvaginal part of the vagina:
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Lateral

Answer 15

Anterior - uterine bladder
Posterior - recto uterine pouch w/ coils of small intestine and rectum
Lateral (on each side) - uterine tubes and ureter

Question 16

Which of the following is described as a “false ligament” of the uterus, consisting of mere peritoneal folds that do not provide any support?
a) Round ligament of uterus
b) Mackenrodt’s ligament
c) Recto-uterine fold
d) Pelvic diaphragm

Answer 16

c) Recto-uterine fold

False ligaments:
Utero vesicle fold
Recto vaginal fold

Question 17

Which artery, a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery, provides the main arterial supply to the uterus?
a) Ovarian artery
b) Inferior epigastric artery
c) Uterine artery
d) Internal pudendal artery

Answer 17

c) Uterine artery

Ovarian artery —> abdominal aorta (L1)

Question 18

List the contents of The broad ligament of the uterus.

Answer 18

Uterine tube
Round ligament of uterus (proximal part)
Ligament of ovary
Uterine vessels
Ovarian vessels
Lymphatics and nerve plexus
Remnants of Mesonephric duct

Question 19

After crossing the ureter, the uterine artery gives off branches to which structures according to the source?
a) Ureteric, vaginal, and cervical branches
b) Ovarian and tubal branches
c) Pudendal and gluteal branches
d) Rectal and bladder branches

Answer 19

a) Ureteric, vaginal, and cervical branches

Question 20

The ovarian artery, which contributes to the blood supply of the uterus, is a branch of which major artery?
a) Internal iliac artery
b) External iliac artery
c) Abdominal aorta
d) Superior mesenteric artery

Answer 20

c) Abdominal aorta

Question 21

Lymphatic drainage from the fundus and upper part of the uterine body primarily goes to which lymph nodes?
a) External iliac lymph nodes
b) Sacral lymph nodes
c) Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
d) Pre and Para-aortic lymph nodes

Answer 21

d) Pre and Para-aortic lymph nodes

Question 22

Lymphatic drainage from the lateral angles (cornua) of the uterus goes to which lymph nodes?
a) Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
b) External iliac lymph nodes
c) Internal iliac nodes
d) Obturator lymph nodes

Answer 22

a) Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 23

Lymphatic drainage from the lower part of the body of the uterus goes to which lymph nodes?
a) Sacral lymph nodes
b) External iliac lymph nodes
c) Pre and Para-aortic lymph nodes
d) Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Answer 23

b) External iliac lymph nodes

Question 24

Lymphatic drainage from the cervix goes to which lymph nodes?

Answer 24

External iliac lymph nodes
Internal iliac nodes
Obturator lymph nodes
Sacral lymph nodes

Question 25

Which spinal cord segments provide sympathetic innervation to the uterus? a) S2, S3, S4 b) L4, L5 c) T10, T11 d) T12 – L1

Answer 25

d) T12 – L1

Question 26

Sympathetic innervation to the uterus has which functional effects listed in the source? a) Vasodilator and uterine inhibitor b) Vasoconstrictor and uterine contraction c) Vasodilator and uterine contraction d) Vasoconstrictor and uterine inhibition

Answer 26

b) Vasoconstrictor and uterine contraction

Question 27

Parasympathetic innervation to the uterus has which functional effects listed in the source? a) Vasoconstrictor and uterine contraction b) Vasodilator and uterine inhibitor c) Vasoconstrictor and uterine inhibition d) Vasodilator and uterine contraction

Answer 27

b) Vasodilator and uterine inhibitor S2-S4

Question 28

The uterus develops from the fused portion of which embryonic ducts? a) Mesonephric ducts b) Paramesonephric ducts c) Urogenital ducts d) Cloacal ducts

Answer 28

b) Paramesonephric ducts

Question 29

The innermost layer of the uterus that undergoes monthly cyclic structural changes is the: a) Myometrium b) Perimetrium c) Serosa d) Endometrium

Answer 29

d) Endometrium

Question 30

During the proliferative (follicular) phase of the uterine cycle, the epithelium of the endometrium consists of a single layer of which type of cells? a) Squamous cells b) Cuboidal cells c) Columnar cells d) Transitional cells

Answer 30

c) Columnar cells

Question 31

During the menstrual phase, Which part of the uterus sheds? a) Myometrium b) Perimetrium c) Serosa d) Endometrium

Answer 31

d) Endometrium

Question 32

The condition where endometrial tissue is present outside the uterus is called: a) Adenomyosis b) Endometrioma c) Endometriosis d) Fibroids

Answer 32

c) Endometriosis

Question 33

According to the source, when endometriosis occurs in the ovary, it can form a cyst of endometrial tissue called an endometrioma. These are sometimes called "chocolate cysts" because they contain: a) Serous fluid b) Old blood c) Mucus d) Pus

Answer 33

b) Old blood

Question 34

The condition where areas of endometrial tissue exist deep within the myometrium, causing painful periods, is called: a) Endometriosis b) Submucous fibroids c) Adenomyosis d) Cervical carcinoma

Answer 34

c) Adenomyosis

Question 35

Which type of fibroid, according to the source, increases the surface area of the endometrium and can result in heavy menstrual bleeding? a) Subserous fibroids b) Intramural fibroids c) Submucous fibroids d) Pedunculated fibroids

Answer 35

c) Submucous fibroids

Question 36

State the lining of the following: 1. Cervix 2. Uterus 3. Endometrium

Answer 36

They are all lined by simple columnar cells

Question 37

List the primary support of the Uterus and their make up.

Answer 37

Perineal body — Transmissive part of perneum Urogenital diagphram — sphincter urethrea and deep transverse perineal body. Pelvic diaphragm — levator ani muscle and coccypexi muscle.

Question 38

Which true ligament extends from the cervico-vaginal junction to the fascia covering the levator ani muscle, according to the source? a) Pubo-cervical ligament b) Utero-sacral ligament c) Round ligament of uterus d) Mackenrodt’s ligament

Answer 38

d) Mackenrodt’s ligament

Question 39

According to the source, which true ligament is also known as the cardinal ligament of the uterus? a) Round ligament of uterus b) Mackenrodt’s ligament c) Utero-sacral ligament d) Pubo-cervical ligament

Answer 39

b) Mackenrodt’s ligament

Question 40

Which true ligament is described in the source as extending from the cervix to the 3rd sacral vertebra? a) Pubo-cervical ligament b) Utero-sacral ligament c) Round ligament of uterus d) Mackenrodt’s ligament

Answer 40

b) Utero-sacral ligament

Question 41

The function of the utero-sacral ligament is described in the source as pulling the cervix in which direction? a) Forwards b) Backwards c) Laterally d) Inferiorly

Answer 41

b) Backwards and maintainance of antiversion and antiflexion of the uterus

Question 42

The pubo-cervical ligaments are described in the source as pulling the cervix in which direction? a) Backwards b) Laterally c) Forwards d) Superiorly

Answer 42

c) Forwards Note: Pair of true ligaments that extend from the cervix to the pubic bone along the inferolateral surface of the bladder.

Question 43

The source states that tightening of which true ligament is commonly employed in surgical repair of uterine prolapse? a) Round ligament of uterus b) Mackenrodt’s ligament c) Utero-sacral ligament d) Pubo-cervical ligament

Answer 43

b) Mackenrodt’s ligament

Question 44

Give the function of the round ligament of the uterus.

Answer 44

It pulls the Fundus forward and helps maintain antiversion and antiflexion of the uterus

Question 45

List the sites of Endometriosis.

Answer 45

OPAL RUH Ovary Pelvic periteneum Appendix Laparoscopic sites Recto vesicle area Umbilicus Hernial sites

Question 46

Give the Incision pathway for a Cesarean Section.

Answer 46

Skin > superficial fascia > anterior wall of rectus sheath > rectus abdominis > fascia transversalis NOTE: Posterior wall of rectus sheath not included.