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MDSC 2403 > Anatomy - Uterus And Mammary Gland > Flashcards

Anatomy - Uterus And Mammary Gland Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three main parts of the uterus?

A

Fundus
Body
Cervix

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2
Q

Where is the uterus situated in the lesser pelvis?

A

Between the bladder and rectum

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3
Q

What organs are anterior and posterior (related) to the uterus?

A

Anterior- urinary bladder
Posterior - coils of small intestines and sigmoid colon

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4
Q

What is the average length, breadth, and thickness of the uterus in adults?

A

3x2x1 (inches)
Weight - 30-40gms

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5
Q

With what structures does the uterus communicate superiorly and inferiorly?

A

Superiorly - Uterine tubes
Inferiorly - Vagina

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6
Q

What is the angle of anteversion and anteflexion formed at?

A

Anteversion - 90 degrees
Anterflexion - 170 degrees

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7
Q

Where is the fundus located relative to the entry point of the uterine tubes?

A

Superiorly to the entry

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8
Q

Where does a fertilized ovum usually implant in the uterus?

A

Posterior wall of the Fundus

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9
Q

Name the two surfaces of the body of the uterus.

A

Anterior and posterior

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10
Q

What structure attaches to the lateral borders of the uterus?

A

Suspensory ligament

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11
Q

Describe the location of the vesico-uterine pouch relative to the bladder and uterus

A

The Vesico- uterine pouch is lactated between the bladder and uterus

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12
Q

What organs are related to the posterior surface of the uterus?

A

Coils of the intestine and sigmoid colon

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13
Q

What is the recto-uterine pouch also known as?

A

Pouch located between the rectum and uterus

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14
Q

What structures attach to the lateral border of the uterus?

A

Ureter and uterine artery

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15
Q

What is the cavity of the cervix called?

A

Cervical canal

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16
Q

With what does the cervical canal communicate anterosuperiorly and inferiorly?

A

Anterosuperiorly - body of the uterus via internal os
Inferiorly - body of the vagina via external os

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17
Q

What are the two parts of the cervix?

A

Supra-vaginal
Vaginal part

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18
Q

What are vaginal fornices and how are they formed?

A

Vaginal fornices are longitudinal ridges formed in the vagina canal.

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19
Q

What structures are anterior, posterior, and on each side of the cervix?

A

Anterior- bladder
Posterior - recto- uterine pouch, intestines and sigmoid colon
Each side - ureter and uterine artery

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20
Q

What are the false ligaments of the uterus?

A

Recto- vaginal fold
Recto- uterine fold
Uteri- vesicle fold
Broad ligament

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21
Q

Name the anterior and posterior false ligaments of the uterus.

A

Anterior - uteri- vesical fold
Posterior - recto- vaginal fold

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22
Q

What are the parts, surfaces and borders of the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

Parts - Anterior and posterior
Surfaces - upper, lower, medial and lateral
Parts- mesosalphinx, mesovarium, mesoendometrium

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23
Q

What structures does the upper border of the broad ligament contain?

A

Uterine tube
Ovarian and uterine vessels
Round ligament of uterus
Ligament of ovary
Remnants of mesophrenic duct

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24
Q

What are the primary supports of the uterus?

A

Ueuro- genital diaphragm
Perineal body
Pelvic diaphragm

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25
What are the secondary supports (true ligaments) of the uterus?
Round ligament of uterus Mackenrodt’s ligament Utero - sacral ligament Pubo-cervical ligament
26
Describe the round ligament of the uterus, including its length, attachments, and function
The round ligament of uterus: 1) 10-12cm 2) Attaches to the lateral angle of uterus 3) Remanant of the gubernaculum of the ovary 4) It pushes the Fundus forward, and maintains the anteversion and anteflexion of the uterus
27
From what is Mackenrodt’s ligament derived and what is its function?
- Condensation of parametric tissue - It holds the cervix in place and prevents the downward displacement of the uterus in the vagina
28
What is another name for Mackenrodt's ligament?
Cardinal ligament of uterus
29
Where do the uterosacral ligaments extend and what is their function?
= It extends from the cervix to the 3rd sacral vertebrae = It’s pushing the cervix backwards and help maintain anteversion and anteflexion
30
Where do the pubocervical ligaments extend and what is their function?
It extends from the cervix to the pubic bone and it pulls the cervix forward.
31
What artery provides the main blood supply to the uterus?
Uterine and ovarian arteries
32
From which artery does the uterine and ovarian artery branch?
Uterine: Internal iliac artery Ovarian: Abdominal aorta - L1
33
What branches does the uterine artery give off after crossing the ureter?
Tubular, Cervical, vaginal, pelvic branches
34
State the Venous drainage of the uterus
Uterine and ovarian veins
35
From where does the fundus drain lymphatically?
Pre- para aortic lymph nodes
36
From where does the cervix drain lymphatically?
External and internal iliac, obturator and sacral lymph nodes
37
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supplies to the uterus?
Sympathetic - T12- L1 Parasympathetic - S2-S4
38
From what does the uterus develop?
Paramesophrenic duct
39
Give the incision pathway for a C- section.
Skin > superficial fascia > anterior wall of rectus sheath> rectus abdominis muscle > fascia transversalis
40
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Endometrium Myometrium (thickest layer) Serosa
41
What is endometriosis and where can it occur?
Presence of endometrial tissues outside the uterus. Site - ovaries, pelvic peritoneum, uterine ligaments, etc
42
What are fibroids and what are the three varieties?
Fibroids are benign tumors of myometrial cells. Varieties - submucous, subserous and intramural
43
List some risk factors of cervical cancers
HPV Behavioral and sexual factors Multiple sex partners Oral contraceptive Early sexual activity Smoking
44
Describe the shape of the cervix
Piriform and pear shaped structure
45
What type of gland is the mammary gland considered to be?
Aprocrine gland
46
Which hormones stimulate the growth and branching of the ducts in the mammary gland?
Oestrogen
47
Which hormone stimulates alveolar formation in the mammary gland?
Progesterone
48
Which hormones are responsible for the formation of true secretory alveoli during pregnancy?
Oestrogen and Progesterone
49
Which hormones maintain lactation?
Prolactin
50
Which hormone is responsible for milk ejection from the breast?
Oxytocin. Stimulated by suckling of the breast.
51
Where is the mammary gland situated?
Superficial fascia in the pectoral region
52
Describe the vertical and horizontal extent of the mammary gland.
Vertical - 2nd - 6th intercostal space midclavicular Horizontal - Lateral end
53
What are the related structures the deep aspect of the breast?
Pectoral fascia Pectoralis major Surratus minor External oblique
54
What separates the breast from the pectoral fascia?
Retromammary space
55
What are the main components of the architecture of the mammary gland?
Skin Stroma Parachyema/ glandular tissue
56
Where is the nipple located on the breast?
Level of the 4th intercostal space
57
What type of muscle fibers are contained in the nipple?
Smooth muscle fibers
58
What type of glands are found in the areola?
Sebaceous glands
59
What is the function of the secretions from the sebaceous glands in the areola?
Prevent the cracking and drying of the nipple
60
What forms the bulk of the breast tissue?
Fat
61
How many lobes does the parenchyma of the mammary gland consist of, and how are they arranged?
15-20 and there are arranged in a radial fashion
62
What is the function of the lactiferous sinus?
Serves as a reservoir for milk
63
What arteries supply the mammary gland?
Internal thoracic artery Lateral and superior thoracic artery Thoracomical artery Posterior intercostal artery
64
What is the largest perforating artery that supplies the upper region of the breast, nipple, and areola?
2nd perforating artery.
65
Give the Venous supply of the mammary gland.
Superficial veins - internal thoracic vein Deep veins - internal thoracic vein, auxiliary and posterior intercostal vein

MDSC 2403 (27 decks)

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