Physio: Male Repro System Flashcards
(22 cards)
Spermatogenesis is described as a process that occurs:
A. Only during puberty
B. From puberty until senescence
C. Continuously for a period of about 64 days
D. Only in the epididymis
E. With a single meiotic division
B. From puberty until senescence
Which phase of spermatogenesis involves the transformation of spermatids into mature sperm?
A. Mitotic division
B. Meiosis I
C. Meiosis II
D. Spermiogenesis
E. Spermatocytic maturation
D. Spermiogenesis
Describe the following phases of spermatogenesis:
A. Mitotic division
B. Meiosis I
C. Meiosis II
D. Spermiogenesis
A. Mitotic division — spermatogonia > primary spermatocyte
B. Meiosis I — primary spermatocyte > secondary spermatocyte
C. Meiosis II — secondary spermatocyte > spermatid
D. Spermiogenesis — spermatid > spermatozoa (no cell division occurs here)
Which cells control spermatogenesis and provide nutrients to the differentiating sperm?
A. Leydig cells
B. Spermatogonia
C. Spermatocytes
D. Sertoli cells
E. Interstitial cells
D. Sertoli cells
The source states that testosterone has local (paracrine) effects that support spermatogenesis in the testes and systemic (endocrine) effects on other organs. Where does testosterone exert its primary local effect on spermatogenesis according to the source?
A. Spermatogonia
B. Primary spermatocytes
C. Sertoli cells
D. Leydig cells
E. Seminiferous tubule lumen
C. Sertoli cells
The Sertoli cells express receptors for which hormones mentioned in the source?
A. LH and GnRH
B. FSH and LH
C. Testosterone and GnRH
D. FSH and Testosterone
E. GnRH and FSH
D. FSH and Testosterone
FSH targets the Sertoli cells because the male germ cells do not have FSH receptors. What is one effect of FSH on Sertoli cells listed?
A. Stimulates testosterone production
B. Stimulates GnRH synthesis
C. Stimulates production of androgen-binding protein
D. Stimulates LH release
E. Inhibits spermatogenesis
C. Stimulates production of androgen-binding protein
Also, stimulates production of Inhibin which inhibits FSH secretion.
In response to stimulation by testosterone or FSH, Sertoli cells release which factors that stimulate differentiation of spermatocytes?
A. Endocrine factors
B. Autocrine factors
C. Paracrine factors
D. Neurotransmitters
E. Decapacitation factors
C. Paracrine factors
LH targets the Leydig cells and stimulates the production of:
A. FSH
B. Inhibin
C. GnRH
D. Androgen-binding protein
E. Testosterone
E. Testosterone
Testosterone released from the Leydig cells inhibits the release of:
A. FSH
B. GnRH
C. LH
D. Inhibin
E. Androgen-binding protein
C. LH
What process occurs in the epididymis, during which sperm acquire motility and the ability to fertilize an egg?
A. Spermatogenesis
B. Spermiogenesis
C. Capacitation
D. Maturation
E. Ejaculation
C. Capacitation
During sexual arousal, peristaltic contraction of smooth muscle propels sperm from the epididymis to the:
A. Seminiferous tubules
B. Urethra
C. Seminal vesicles
D. Vas deferens
E. Prostate gland
D. Vas deferens
Order of transport — testes > epididymis > vas deferens > seminal vesicle > through prostrate > urethra
The ampulla of the vas deferens provides storage for sperm and secretes a fluid rich in:
A. Prostaglandins and fibrinogen
B. Citrate and fructose
C. Calcium and enzymes
D. Alkaline fluid
E. Androgen-binding protein
B. Citrate and fructose
Seminal vesicle fluid is rich in substances that nourish sperm. Which of the following is listed as a component of seminal vesicle fluid?
A. Calcium
B. Enzymes
C. Fibrinogen
D. Alkaline fluid
E. Androgen-binding protein
C. Fibrinogen
Also, fructose, citrate, and prostaglandins
Prostaglandins secreted by the seminal vesicles assist in fertilization by:
A. Forming the blood-testis barrier
B. Holding testosterone in the seminiferous tubule lumen
C. Inducing peristaltic contractions in the female genital tract
D. Transforming spermatids into spermatozoa
E. Secreting nutrients for sperm development
C. Inducing peristaltic contractions in the female genital tract (fallopian tubes and uterus) to propel sperm up the track
Also, prostaglandins react with cervical mucus to make it. More penetrable by sperm
The prostatic secretion is slightly alkaline, which aids in fertilization by:
A. Providing energy for sperm motility
B. Neutralizing acidic vaginal secretions
C. Inducing uterine contractions
D. Making cervical mucus more penetrable
E. Releasing hydrolytic enzymes
B. Neutralizing acidic vaginal secretions
Also increase sperm mobility
The acrosome of the sperm releases hydrolytic enzymes to facilitate:
A. Sperm motility
B. Neutralizing vaginal pH
C. Penetration of the oocyte during fertilization
D. Binding testosterone
E. Formation of the blood-testis barrier
C. Penetration of the oocyte during fertilization
The midpiece of the spermatozoon contains many structures that provide ATP to power the swimming action of the tail. What are these structures?
A. Nuclei
B. Acrosomes
C. Lysosomes
D. Microtubules
E. Mitochondria’
E. Mitochondria’
The tail contrails microtubules
Capacitation is achieved through the removal of substances acquired in the epididymis and seminal vesicles, known as:
A. Androgen-binding proteins
B. Prostaglandins
C. Decapacitation factors
D. Sterol-binding proteins
E. Hydrolytic enzymes
C. Decapacitation factors
Ejaculated sperm cells cannot immediately fertilize an ovum; they must undergo a process called:
A. Spermiogenesis
B. Ejaculation
C. Capacitation
D. Maturation
E. Acrosomal reaction
C. Capacitation
Capacitation also results in the acrosomal reaction, which involves:
A. The release of testosterone
B. Fusion of the acrosomal membrane with the outer sperm membrane
C. Increased sperm motility
D. Neutralization of vaginal secretions
E. Removal of the flagellum
B. Fusion of the acrosomal membrane with the outer sperm membrane
The acrosomal reaction creates pores allowing hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes to escape from the acrosome, which helps the sperm penetrate the protective coverings of the:
A. Sertoli cell
B. Leydig cell
C. Epididymis
D. Ovum
E. Vas deferens
D. Ovum
