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Module 204 Theme 2 > Anatomy of the shoulder region > Flashcards

Anatomy of the shoulder region Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What comprises the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle

Scapula

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2
Q

Name the two joints in the shoulder region

A

Glenohumeral

Acromioclavicular

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3
Q

What is the function of ligaments in the shoulder region?

A

Stabilize/support the shoulder region

Very strong

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4
Q

Name some ligaments found in the shoulder region

A

Coracoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Coracoacromial
Glenohumeral - superior, middle and inferior

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5
Q

Where are the attachments of the ligaments of the shoulder found?

A

In the name of the ligament

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6
Q

Describe coracoclavicular ligament

A

2 parts

Major stabilizing ligament

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7
Q

Describe coracoacromial ligament

A

Forms arch
Provides support for head of the humerus
Prevents superior dislocation

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8
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball and socket joint

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9
Q

Describe the mobility of the glenohumeral joint

A

Highly mobile

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10
Q

List the movements carried out by the glenohumeral joint

A

Abduction/adduction
Flexion/extension
Lateral/medial rotation
Circumduction

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11
Q

Which muscles allows abduction of the arm?

A

Deltoid
Trapezius
Serratus anterior

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12
Q

Give the origin of the deltoid

A

Spine of scapula, acromion and clavicle

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13
Q

Give the insertion of the deltoid

A

Deltoid tuberosity

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14
Q

Which nerve supplies the deltoid?

A

Axillary

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15
Q

What do the posterior fibres of the deltoid do?

A

Extension and lateral rotation

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16
Q

What do the anterior fibres of the deltoid do?

A

Flexion and medial rotation

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17
Q

Which muscles allow adduction of the arm?

A

Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids

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18
Q

What does brachialis do?

A

Flexes forearm

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19
Q

Which muscles flex the arm?

A

Anterior fibres of deltoid
Coracobrachialis
Long and short head of biceps

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20
Q

Which muscles extend the arm?

A

Posterior fibres of deltoid

Long head of triceps

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21
Q

Which muscles extend the forearm?

A

Lateral head of triceps

Medial head of triceps

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22
Q

Describe the stability of the glenohumeral joint

A

Unstable structure - common site of dislocation

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23
Q

What type of dislocation of the glenohumeral joint is the most common?

A

Anterior dislocation

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24
Q

Describe an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint

A

Humeral head descends inferiorly and ends up anterior

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25
List 5 factors increasing stability in the shoulder region
Coracoacromial arch Glenohumeral ligaments Deepening of glenoid fossa by glenoid labrum Long heads of bicep (above) and triceps (below) Tendons of rotator cuff muscles
26
What is the function of the coracoacromial arch?
Prevents superior dislocation
27
What is the function of the glenohumeral ligaments?
Supports anterior of joint
28
How many glenohumeral ligaments are there?
3 - superior, middle and inferior
29
What is the function of the glenoid labrum?
Deepens the glenoid fossa
30
What is the origin of the long head of biceps
Supraglenoid tubercle
31
Where does the long head of biceps pass?
Through jo capsule
32
What is the origin of the long head of triceps?
Infraglenoid tubercle
33
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
4 muscles
34
Where do the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles insert?
On humerus close to the joint
35
Describe the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles
Fuse with the joint capsule | Form cuff around the joint
36
Describe the location of the rotator cuff muscles
Surrounds joint on all sides except inferiorly
37
Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
38
Which rotator cuff muscles insert into the greater tubercle of the humerus?
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor
39
Give the insertion of subscapularis muscle
Lesser tubercle of the humerus
40
Give the origin of subscapularis
Subscapular fossa
41
Give the origin of supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa
42
Give the origin of infraspinatus
Infraspinous fossa
43
Give the origin of teres minor
Lateral border of scapula
44
What is the overall function of the rotator cuff muscles?
Stabilise humeral head on glenoid fossa
45
Give the function of supraspinatus
Initiate abduction
46
Give the function of infraspinatus
Lateral rotation
47
Give the function of teres minor
Lateral rotation
48
Give the function of subscapularis
Medial rotation
49
Which other muscle should be considered with the rotator cuff muscles?
Teres major
50
What is the function of teres major?
Medial rotation | Stabilises the humerus during abduction - eccentric contraction
51
Give the origin of teres major
Inferior angle of scapula
52
Give the insertion of teres major
Medial lip of bicipital groove
53
Which rotator cuff muscle is the most commonly injured?
Supraspinatus
54
Why is supraspinatus most commonly injured?
Limited space for tendon under coracoacromial arch
55
What is supraspinatus impingement?
Impingement due to repetitive overhead activities Common in athletes (throwers)
56
Give the name of the blood supply to the shoulder
Scapula anastomosis
57
What is the function of the scapular anastomosis
Allows rich continuous supply of blood to the shoulder region during movement
58
Where does the scapular anasomiss come from?
From subclavian and axillary arteries
59
Describe the components of the scapular anastomosis
Suprascapular Subscapular Dorsal scapular
60
Where is the nerve supply to the shoulder from?
Brachial plexus - posterior cord - suprascapular nerve from superior trunk
61
Where are the cords of the brachial plexus?
Within axilla | Below pectoralis minor
62
What does the axillary nerve supply?
Deltoid and teres minor | Sensory to badge area
63
What does the radial nerve supply?
Triceps brachii
64
What do the upper and lower subscapular nerves supply?
Subscapularis | Teres major
65
What does the thoracodorsal nerve supply?
Latissimus dorsi
66
What is the clinical significance of fracture to surgical neck of humerus?
Can damage nerves and vessels in the quadrangular space
67
List the borders of the quadrangular space
Teres minor Humerus Teres major Long head of triceps
68
What does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?
Arm flexors
69
What does lateral pectoral nerve supply?
Pectoralis major
70
What does the medial pectoral nerve supply?
Pectoralis minor/major
71
What is the function of the medial cord?
Gives off medial cutaneous nerves to arm and forearm

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

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