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Module 204 Theme 2 > Back and shoulder dissection > Flashcards

Back and shoulder dissection Flashcards

1
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the back

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomboids (major and minor)
Latissimus dorsi
Trapezius

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2
Q

What do the superficial trunk muscles attach?

A

The pectoral girdle to the trunk

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3
Q

Give the origin of the upper fibres of trapezius

A

External occipital protuberance of skull

Spinous processes of cervical vertebrae

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4
Q

Give the insertion of the upper fibres of trapezius

A

Clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula

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5
Q

Give the origin of the medial fibres of trapezius

A

Spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae

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6
Q

Give the insertion of the medial fibres of trapezius

A

Spine of the scapula

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7
Q

Give the origin of the lower fibres of the scapula

A

Spinous processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae

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8
Q

Give the insertion of the lower fibres of the scapula

A

Spine of scapula

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9
Q

What muscles lie below trapezius?

A

Major and minor rhomboids

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10
Q

Give the origin of the rhomboids

A

Spinous processes C7 to T5

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11
Q

Give the insertion of the rhomboids

A

Medial border of the scapular

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12
Q

Where is latissimus dorsi found?

A

Large flat muscle in thoracic region of the back

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13
Q

Give the origin of latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracolumbar fascia

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14
Q

Give the insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

Intertubercular sulcus/bicipital groove of the humerus

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15
Q

Describe the travel of latissimus dorsi

A

Muscle fibres travel upwards round the inferior angle of scapula to the intertubercular sulcus

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16
Q

Give the origin of serratus anterior

A

Upper 8 ribs

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17
Q

Describe the travel of serratus anterior

A

Between the scapula and ribs

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18
Q

Give the insertion of serratus anterior

A

Medial border of scapula

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19
Q

Name the intermediate back muscles

A

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior

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20
Q

What is the function of serratus posterior inferior and superior?

A

Accessory respiratory muscles that help to expand the chest cavity during inspiration

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21
Q

Where are the deep intrinsic muscles of the back found?

A

In the groove between the spinous processes of the vertebrae and the angle of the ribs

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22
Q

What is the largest group of the deep intrinsic back muscles?

A

Erector spinae

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23
Q

What does erector spinae incorporate?

A

Spinales
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

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24
Q

Give the origin of the erector spinae muscles

A

Erector spinae aponeurosis

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25
What is the Erector spinae aponeurosis?
Broad thick tendon at base of the back
26
Which muscle is the spinales muscle?
Most medial
27
Give the insertion of the spinales muscle
Thoracic spinous processes and skull
28
Which muscle is the longissimus muscle?
Intermediate
29
Give the insertion of longissimus
Thoracic and cervical spinous processes
30
Which muscle is iliocostalis?
Most lateral
31
Give the insertion of iliocostalis
Ribs
32
Where is the multifidus muscle found?
Under erector spinae
33
Give the origin of multifidus
Transverse processes
34
Give the insertion of multifidus
Spinous processes
35
What is multifidus?
Major stabiliser of the back | Extends vertebral column
36
What makes up the pectoral girdle?
Clavicle | Scapula
37
Where do the clavicle and scapula articulate?
Acromioclavicular joint
38
Where does the pectoral gridle articulate with the trunk?
Sternoclavicular joint
39
Describe the glenohumeral joint
Shallow articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula Synovial ball and socket joint
40
Describe the roof of the small space the tendon of supraspinatus passes
Coracoacromial ligament
41
What can cause injury to supraspinatus?
Overhead activity eg throwing can cause impingement of this tendon
42
What forms the quadrangular space?
teres minor teres major the shaft of the humerus long head of triceps brachii
43
What forms the axilla?
apex, base and four walls
44
Where is the axillary fossa found?
Base of the axilla
45
What makes up the axillary fossa?
Skin and subcutaneous tissue
46
What is the apex (inlet) of the axillary fossa formed of?
Clavicle (anteriorly) 1st rib (medially) Superior border of scapula (posteriorly)
47
What is the anterior wall of the axilla?
Pectoralis minor and major
48
What is the posterior wall of the axilla formed from?
teres major, latissimus dorsi and subscapularis | muscles
49
What is the medial wall of the axilla?
serratus anterior muscle.
50
What nerve supplies serratus anterior?
Long thoracic nerve from C5,C6,C7 of brachial plexus
51
What is the axilla bordered by laterally?
Humerus
52
What does the axilla contain?
axillary artery and its branches, the axillary vein and its tributaries, lymph vessels and nodes, and the brachial plexus.
53
What is the axillary artery?
Continuation of the subclavian artery
54
Where does the subclavian artery pass?
Through scalene triangle
55
What forms the scalene triangle?
anterior and middle scalene muscles and the first rib.
56
Where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
Lower border of teres major
57
Where do the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries travel?
Wind around the surgical neck of humerus
58
What does the subscapular artery contribute to?
Anastomosis of the shoulder region
59
Describe the axillary vein
Drains basilic vein into subclavian vein
60
Where does the axillary vein terminate as the subclavian vein?
1st rib
61
Where is the basilic vein located?
Medial side of the arm
62
Where is the cephalic vein located?
Deltopectoral groove
63
What does the cephalic vein join
Axillary vein
64
Where are the trunks of the brachial plexus located?
Pass through the scalene triangle with the subclavian artery
65
What do the trunks of the brachial plexus divide to form?
Anterior and posterior divisions
66
Which muscle overlies cords?
Pectoralis minor
67
What are the cords named relative to?
Axillary artery
68
Name the terminal branches of the brachial plexus
``` Musculocutaneous Ulnar Median Radial Axillary ```
69
Name the four rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
70
Give the origin of supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa
71
Give the insertion of supraspinatus
Anterior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
72
Give the origin of infraspinatus
Infraspinous fossa
73
Give the insertion of infraspinatus
Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
74
Give the origin of teres minor
Dorsal aspect of the lateral border of the scapula
75
Give the insertion of teres minor
Lowest facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
76
Give the origin of teres major
Inferior angle of scapula
77
Give the insertion of teres major
Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
78
Give the insertion of deltoid muscle
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
79
Give the origin of the deltoid muscle
Lateral third of the clavicle Acromion Spine of the scapula
80
Which muscle gives the shoulder its round shape?
Deltoid
81
What surrounds the glenohumeral joint?
Fibrous joint capsule
82
Where is the fibrous joint capsule attached?
Rim of the glenoid fossa | Anatomical neck of the humerus
83
What is the fibrous joint capsule strengthened by?
Attachments of rotator cuff muscles
84
Where do the attachments of rotator cuff muscles surround the joint?
On all sides except inferiorly
85
Which ligaments helps to stabilize the glenohumeral joint?
Coracoacromial ligament | Glenohumeral ligaments
86
Where do the glenohumeral joints stabilise?
Anteriorly
87
What deepens the glenoid fossa?
Glenoid labrum - ring of fibrocartilage

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

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