Angiosperms

Question 1

all angiosperms belong to this phyla

Answer 1

Anthophyta

Question 2

flowers are an angiosperm structure specialized for

Answer 2

sexual reproduction

Question 3

flower

Answer 3

specialized shoot with UP TO 4 types of modified leaves

Question 4

inside the ovule how does one develop an egg

Answer 4

from a megaspore, mitosis develops a megagametophyte which develops an egg

Question 5

what are the synapomorphies of angiosperms

Answer 5

flowers and fruits

Question 6

are flowers and fruits essentially the same thing

Answer 6

yes - juts at different stages

Question 7

what does a fruit have to have to be considered a fruit

Answer 7

seeds

Question 8

complete flowers

Answer 8

have all four whorls

Question 9

flowers are ______

Answer 9

modified leaves

Question 10

most angiosperms are _____

Answer 10

hermaphroditic

Question 11

hermaphroditic

Answer 11

having both male and female reproductive organs

Question 12

can hermaphroditic angiosperms be incomplete

Answer 12

YES - they can be missing the sepals or petals

Question 13

where is the microgametophyte

Answer 13

in the anther

Question 14

why are stigma taller than anthers

Answer 14

to prevent self-pollination

Question 15

where do you find microspores in a flower

Answer 15

stamen

Question 16

where do you find megaspores in a flower

Answer 16

carpel

Question 17

what do flowers look like when they are animal pollinated

Answer 17

1. bright colours
2. aromatic
3. landing platforms

Question 18

which pollination method (abiotic or biotic) is LESS energy intensive

Answer 18

wind (abiotic)

Question 19

what do flowers look like when they are wind pollinated

Answer 19

1. lots of pollen
2. no energy into smells, colours

Question 20

what structures are wind pollinated flowers missing

Answer 20

sepals and petals (don’t need them)

Question 21

coevolution

Answer 21

evolution of interacting species in response to changes in each other

Question 22

what have flowering plants coevolved with

Answer 22

specific pollinators

Question 23

fruits consist of

Answer 23

mature ovary

Question 24

can fruit include other flower parts beside ovary

Answer 24

true

Question 25

mature fruits can be either

Answer 25

fleshy or dry

Question 26

fleshy fruits

Answer 26

wall of ovary (pericarp) becomes soft

Question 27

dry fruits

Answer 27

wall of ovary does NOT become soft

Question 28

example of dry fruits

Answer 28

1. beans 2. nuts 3. grains

Question 29

the pericarp was once the

Answer 29

ovary wall

Question 30

true fruits are made from

Answer 30

the pericarp and seed (only ovaries)

Question 31

accessory fruits are made from

Answer 31

pericarp and other floral parts

Question 32

true or false the pericarp has three layers

Answer 32

true

Question 33

what are the three layers of the pericarp

Answer 33

1. endocarp 2. mesocarp 3. ectocarp

Question 34

examples of fleshy fruits

Answer 34

1. berries

Question 35

berries must be

Answer 35

1. fleshy 2. have many small seeds 3. pericarp

Question 36

what are NOT seeds

Answer 36

1. strawberry 2. raspberry 3. apple

Question 37

examples of berries

Answer 37

1. banana 2. kiwi 3. tomatoes 3. pumpkin 4. grape

Question 38

sporophyte flowers are composed of

Answer 38

both male and female structure

Question 39

male gametophytes are contained

Answer 39

within pollen grains

Question 40

where are pollen grains produced

Answer 40

microsporangia of anthers

Question 41

female gametophyte AKA

Answer 41

embryo sac

Question 42

embryo sac develops

Answer 42

within an ovule

Question 43

where is the ovule found

Answer 43

inside ovary

Question 44

most flowers have mechanisms to ensure ______

Answer 44

cross-pollination

Question 45

______ makes the ______ which gives rise to pollen grains

Answer 45

microsporocyte makes microspores by meiosis which makes pollen grains

Question 46

pollen grains AKA

Answer 46

microgametophyte

Question 47

the ovule holds the

Answer 47

megasporocyte

Question 48

ovule undergoes ____ to produce _____

Answer 48

meiosis to produce megaspores

Question 49

ovule ploidy

Answer 49

2n

Question 50

megaspore ploidy

Answer 50

n

Question 51

what surrounds the megaspore

Answer 51

megasporangium (2n)

Question 52

what makes up the female gametophyte

Answer 52

1. 3 antipodal cells 2. 2 polar nuclei 3. 2 synergids 4. 1 egg

Question 53

egg ploidy

Answer 53

n

Question 54

is the megagametophyte recognized in angiosperm life cycle

Answer 54

NO

Question 55

microsporocytes ploidy

Answer 55

2n

Question 56

microspore ploidy

Answer 56

n

Question 57

what provides nutrition to developing embryo

Answer 57

endosperm

Question 58

fertilization creates ____ with ____ ploidy

Answer 58

zygote with 2n

Question 59

the endosperm is ____ ploidy

Answer 59

3n

Question 60

seed consists of

Answer 60

1. embryo (2n) 2. endosperm (3n) 3. seed coat (2n)

Question 61

seed coat ploidy

Answer 61

2n

Question 62

how many meiosis events are in angiosperms

Answer 62

2

Question 63

development of male gametophyte in pollen grain steps

Answer 63

1. microsporocyte *2n undergoes meiosis and produces 4 microspores (n) 2. each microspore undergoes mitosis to produce generative cell and tube cell

Question 64

development of female gametophyte in the embryo sac

Answer 64

1. ovule undergoes meiosis and forms 4 megaspores with ONE surviving 2. surviving megaspore undergoes mitosis 3 times to form 8 nuclei and 7 cells

Question 65

what makes up the embryo sac

Answer 65

1. antipodal cells *3) 2. polar nuceli (2) 3. egg (1) 4. synergids (2)

Question 66

why is double fertilization advantageous

Answer 66

1. no sperm is wasted 2. can synchronize all parts of the new sporophyte growing (development of fruit with development of food source)

Question 67

angiosperms originated ____ years ago

Answer 67

140 million

Question 68

true or false we fully understand how angiosperms originated from other seed plants

Answer 68

FALSE - we don;t

Question 69

what is the significance of Archaefructus Sinensis

Answer 69

it is the first true flowering plant despite lacking petals or sepals

Question 70

what relative of angiosperms is suggested to be the basal lineage (ancestral)

Answer 70

Bennettitales

Question 71

Bennettitales importance

Answer 71

they were woody plants which suggests woody is the ancestral state