Platyhelminthes and Rotifera

Question 1

are all bilaterians also lophotrochozoans

Answer 1

NO

Question 2

are all lophotrochozoans bilaterians

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

what is present in ALL bilaterian animals

Answer 3

1. triploblastic with coelom present

Question 4

traits of bilaterians

Answer 4

1. bilateral symmetry
2. triploblastic development
3. coelom
4. digestive tract has TWO openings

Question 5

clade bilateria contains

Answer 5

1. Lophotrochozoa
2. Ecdysozoa
3. Deuterostomia

Question 6

what WAS the clade Lophotrochozoa identified by and what is it identified by NOW

Answer 6

WAS - morphological data
NOW - genetics and DNA

Question 7

what are two traits of Lophotrochozoa

Answer 7

1. lophophore for feeding
2. trochophore larval stage

Question 8

Playhelminthes are

Answer 8

flatworms

Question 9

Playhelminthes traits (5)

Answer 9

1. protostomes
2. triploblastic
3. acoelomate
4. free-living and parasitic forms
5. lack organs specialized for gas exchange and circulation

Question 10

habitats of Playhelminthes

Answer 10

marine
freshwater
damp terrestrial

Question 11

what other lineage is similar to acoelomates

Answer 11

phylum Acoela

Question 12

are the similarities between Playhelminthes and Phylum Acoela analogous or homologous

Answer 12

analogous - convergent evolution

Question 13

what is the importance of Acoela

Answer 13

they are the basal lineages of Bilaterians and show the ancestral condition

Question 14

what can be inferred about the body plan of the CA of all bilaterians based on ACOELA location

Answer 14

Acoela shows the ancestral traits of the cA of bilaterians (such as flat and being acoelomate)

Question 15

is the trait of being flattened dorsoventrally a convergence or divergence in other lineages

Answer 15

convergence (analogous)

Question 16

what structure makes up the uniqueness of Playhelminthes excretory system

Answer 16

Flame cells AKA protonephridia

Question 17

Flame cells are found in

Answer 17

Platyhelminth

Question 18

Platyhelminth have a _____ cavity and thus ____ hole(s)

Answer 18

gastrovascular and one

Question 19

do Platyhelminth have a coelom

Answer 19

NO

Question 20

excretory system in Platyhelminth

Answer 20

1. network of tubules with ciliated structures (flame bulbs)
2. flame bulbs cap the branches of each protonephridia
3. the cilia inside the tubule cell sucks the interstitial fluid inside and removes waste which is excreted as Platyhelminth moves

Question 21

does the urine excreted in Platyhelminth have a low or high solute concentration

Answer 21

LOW in order to maintain osmotic uptake of water from environment

Question 22

what other species has a similar excretory system compared to Platyhelminth

Answer 22

eathworms

Question 23

Platyhelminth are divided into two lineages

Answer 23

1. Catenulida
2. Rhabditophora

Question 24

Rhabditophora in ________ are ______ (lifestyle)

Answer 24

Platyhelminth and are free-living and parasitic

Question 25

best-known Rhabditophorans are

Answer 25

planarians

Question 26

where do planarians live

Answer 26

in freshwater

Question 27

how do planarians compare and contrast to cnidarians

Answer 27

similar 1. have a gastrovascular cavity (one hole) 2. no specialized circulatory system 3. both are in Eumetazoan and Metazoan 4. marine Differences 1. Cnidarians = radial symmetry 1. Planarians = Bilateral symmetry 2. Planarains have cephalization 3. Planarians - triploblastic and Cniadrains diploblastic

Question 28

are planarians hermaphroditic or dioecious

Answer 28

hermaphroditic - have both sexes

Question 29

do planarians have a brain

Answer 29

NO - they just have an enlarged ganglia area

Question 30

why can planarians do without respiratory and circulatory systems

Answer 30

they are thin and do diffusion

Question 31

two types of parasitic rhabditophorans

Answer 31

1. trematodes 2. tapeworms

Question 32

trematodes

Answer 32

have a wide range of hosts and alternate between sexual and asexual stages

Question 33

function of parasitic surface proteins

Answer 33

allows the parasite to invade and live in the host without killing the host OR killing itself by the host's body recognizing the intruder

Question 34

what kinds of adaptions to tapeworms have for being parasitic

Answer 34

1. lack a digestive system - instead absorb nutrients from the host's intestines 2. have hooks, suckers and other attaching mechs 3. have a long and skinny body 4. most of the body is for reproduction

Question 35

Phylum Rotifera is now

Answer 35

Syndermata

Question 36

where do Rotifer live

Answer 36

in aquatic environments

Question 37

are Rotifera smaller then many protists

Answer 37

YEs

Question 38

despite its size, what do Rotifera have

Answer 38

1. specialized tissues, organs and organ systems

Question 39

what type of cavity do Rotifera have

Answer 39

alimentary canal - COMPLETE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - 2 holes

Question 40

what is the first phyla to show a COMPLETE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (alimentary canal)

Answer 40

Rotifera

Question 41

how do many ROtifera reproduce

Answer 41

parthenogenesis - female produce offspring from UNFERTILZED eggs (lack males entirely in some species)

Question 42

what type of coelom do Rotifers have

Answer 42

pseudocoelom

Question 43

compare the digestive system of Cnidarains, flatworms and Rotifera

Answer 43

Cnidarian 1. one hole (gastrovascular cavity) Rotifera 1. two holes (alimentary canal) Flatworms 1. one hole (gastrovascular cavity)

Question 44

least to most inclusive

Answer 44

Rotifera: Lophotrochozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: metazoa

Question 45

least to most inclusive

Answer 45

tapeworms: parasitic Rhabditophorans: Phylum Platehelminthes: Lophotrochozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa

Question 46

least to most inclusive

Answer 46

Trematodes: Parasitic Rhabditophorans: Phylum Platyhelminthes: Lophotrochozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa

Question 47

least to most inclusive

Answer 47

Planarian: Rhabditophorans: Phylum Platyhelminthes: Lophotrochozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa