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Biology 1020 > Mollusca > Flashcards

Mollusca Flashcards

1
Q

four clades in Mollusca

A
  1. Gastropoda
  2. Placophora
  3. Bivalvia
  4. Cephalopoda
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2
Q

main traits found in ALL the clades of Mollusca

A
  1. circulation and respiration
  2. feeding
  3. reproduction
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3
Q

what is included in Phylum Mollusca

A
  1. snails
  2. slugs
  3. oysters
  4. clams
  5. octopuses
  6. squids
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4
Q

habitat of Phylum Mollusca

A

most are MARINE but some are freshwater and terrestrial

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5
Q

describe the body of Mollusca

A

soft-bodied with most have a hard shell protecting them

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6
Q

key traits in Mollsuc development

A
  1. protostome
  2. bilateral
  3. triploblastic
  4. coelomate
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7
Q

ALL molluscs have a similar body plan with THREE main parts

A
  1. foot
  2. visceral mass
  3. mantle
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8
Q

what are the morphological synapomorphies of phylum Mollusca

A
  1. foot
  2. visceral mass
  3. mantle
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9
Q

what do MANY (NOT ALL) Molluscs have

A
  1. water-filled mantle cavity
  2. rasp-like radula
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10
Q

visceral mass function

A

area under the mantle that holds the internal organs

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11
Q

mantle function

A

found in ALL molluscs and its a tissue that CAN secrete the shell IF the mollusc has one

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12
Q

foot function

A

aids in locomotion

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13
Q

what makes up the tentacles of octopuses

A

the foot

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14
Q

are MOST molluscs dioecious or hermaphrodites

A

dioecious (separate sexes)

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15
Q

where are gonads found

A

in the visceral mass

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16
Q

what is an exception to most molluscs being dioecious

A

snails - they are hermaphrodites

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17
Q

habitat of MOST molluscs

A

marine

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18
Q

what is the second most diverse phylum

A

Mollusca

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19
Q

what is THE most diverse phylum

A

insects

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20
Q

four species in Phylum Mollusca

A
  1. gastropods
  2. chitons
  3. Bivalves
  4. Cephalopods
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21
Q

habitat of gastropods

A

marine

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22
Q

do gastropods have a shell (MOST) and if so describe it

A

yes - single, spiraled shell

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23
Q

most distinctive characteristics of gastropods is

A

torsion - where the anus and mantle end up ABOVE the head (switched from normal)

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24
Q

when do we see the first evidence of open vs closed circulatory system

A

in gastropods

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25
closed vs open circulatory system
closed 1. blood is SEPARATE from interstitial fluid open 1. blood is MIXED with interstitial fluid (now called hemophyl) 2. CANNOT USE THE TERM BLOOD
26
feeding of gastropods
"grazers"
27
do gastropods have a complete gut
YES
28
least to most inclusive
gastropods: Clade Mollusca: Lophotrochozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa
29
what does circulation look like in gastropods
open system of vessels
30
compare respiration of terrestrial/freshwater and marine gastropods
terrestrial mantle cavity forms "lungs" siphon brings in oxygen to the INTERNAL gills Marine respiration via gills in the mantle cavity gills are exposed to the water
31
marine vs freshwater/terrestrial gastropods reproduction
marine 1. species are dioecious (separate sexes) 2. have complex life-cycle Freshwater/terrestrial 1. species are hermaphroditic (both sexes in one) 2. direct development
32
least to most inclusive
Chitons: Phylum Mollusca: Lophotrochozoan: Bilaterian: Eumetazoan: Metazoan
33
how can one distinguish chitons from other molluscs
their armour made of eight dorsal plates
34
habitat of chitons
ALL marine
35
how do chitons use their foot
like a suction cup to grip rock
36
how do chitons use their radula
to scrape algae off rock surfaces
37
least to most inclusive
Bivalves: Phylum Mollusca: Lophotorocozoan: Bilaterian: Eumetazoan: Metazoan
38
Bivalves include
1. clams 2. oysters 3. mussels 4. scallops
39
how did bivalves get their name
they have a shell divided into two halves (valves) held together by very strong adductor muscles
40
why are bivalves hard to open
their powerful adductor muscles close the shell for protection
41
what do bivalves use for digging or anchoring
their foot
42
what are gill used for in bivalves
1. feeding 2. respiration 3. reproduction
43
are bivalves sessile or motile
most are sessile
44
how do bivalves feed
they are suspension feeders
45
suspension feeding
1. ciliated gills create water currents 2. gills trap fine food-particles in mucus coat 3. water flows into the mantle cavity via the incurrent siphon, passes over gills, and exists via the excurrent siphon
46
how are bivalves, gastropods and chitons all similar
all have open circulation
47
marine vs freshwater bivalve reproduction
marine 1. mostly dioecious 2. trochophore larvae Freshwater 1. most are hermaphorditic 2. direct development
48
what clade of molluscs have glochidia
bivalves
49
the function of glochidia in bivalves
an immature freshwater mussel life stage modified for a parasitic existence; released larvae may attach to host species and be taken away from parent
50
do freshwater or marine bivalves have glochidia
SOME freshwater bivalves
51
least to most inclusive
Cephalopods: Phylum Mollusca: Lophotrochozoan: Bilaterian: Eumetazoan: metazoan
52
Cephalopods include
1. squids 2. octopuses 3. cuttlefish 4. nautiluses
53
Cephalopods traits
1. beak-like jaw surrounded by tentacles 2. well-developed sense organs and complex brain
54
what was modified in Cephalopods to become tentacles
the foot
55
how do squids swim
use their siphon to fire a jet of water which allows them to swim
56
how many shelled species make up the Cephalopods
JUST ONE - Nautiluses
57
how do Cephalopods breath
1. water passes in through the in-siphon 2. water passes over the gills so the oxygen can be trapped 3. water is passed out the out-siphon
58
what are some examples of well-developed sense organs in Cephalopods
1. advanced predatory techniques 2. communication (like chromatophores) 3. ability to learn 4. the unique Cephalopods eye
59
what are chromatophores in Cephalopods
they are the connection between the brain and the skin via the eye
60
describe the pattern of neurons in Cephalopods
NOT isolated to the brain, but are spread out through all the arms
61
describe how the Cephalopods eye can be seen as "better" then vertebrates
they have evolved to LACK a blind spot which can be found in vertebrates
62
compare squid vs octopus feeding
squid 1. use siphon to fire a jet of water which allows them to swim very quickly and catch prey octopus 1. creep along the sea floor in search of prey
63
how do Cephalopods CONTRAST to all the other molluscs
they have a CLOSED circulatory system
64
reproduction traits of Cephalopods
1. dioecious 2. direct development (no larvae) 3. many are semalparous 4. transfer of spermatophore
65
what does it mean that many Cephalopods are semelparous
reproducing or breeding only once in a lifetime before they die

Biology 1020 (29 decks)

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