tutorial: Fungi

Question 1

are most fungi septate or aseptate

Answer 1

septate

Question 2

septate vs aseptate

Answer 2

septate
1. hyphae divided by cross-walls called septa
2. septa have pores large enough for cytoplasm but NOT nuclei to flow from cell to cell

aseptate
1. AKA coenocytic
2. lack of septa
3. a continuous cytoplasmic mass with lots of nuclei

Question 3

Chytridiomycota common name

Answer 3

Chytrids

Question 4

Zygomycota common name

Answer 4

Zygomycetes (bread moulds)

Question 5

ascomycota common name

Answer 5

Ascomycetes (sac fungi)

Question 6

Basidiomycota common name

Answer 6

Basidomycetes (club fungi)

Question 7

Glomeromycota common name

Answer 7

Glomeromycetes

Question 8

are Glomeromycota septate or coenocytic

Answer 8

coenocytic

Question 9

are Basidiomycota septate or coenocytic

Answer 9

septate

Question 10

are Ascomycota septate or coenocytic

Answer 10

septate

Question 11

are Zygomycota septate or coenocytic

Answer 11

coenocytic

Question 12

are Chytridiomycota septate or coenocytic

Answer 12

coenocytic

Question 13

Chytridiomycota reproductive structure characteristics

Answer 13

asexual - flagellated zoospores

Question 14

Zygomycota reproductive structure characteristics

Answer 14

Asexual
1. sporangia

Sexual
1. zygosporangia

Question 15

Ascomycota reproductive structure characteristics

Answer 15

sexual
1. ascospores

asexual
1. conidia

Question 16

Basidiomycota reproductive structure characteristics

Answer 16

asexual
1. absent

sexual
1. basidiospores

Question 17

Glomeromycota reproductive structure characteristics

Answer 17

asexual
1. ONLY KNOWN
2. via spores of fragmentation

Question 18

what fungi is this
mostly marine

Answer 18

Chytridiomycota

Question 19

what fungi is this
1. decomposers
2. parasites
3. neutral symbionts

Answer 19

Zygomycota

Question 20

what fungi is this
MOST DIVERSE fungal group

Answer 20

Ascomycota

Question 21

what fungi is this
1. decomposers
2. ectomycorrhizal fungi

Answer 21

Basidiomycota

Question 22

what fungi is this
1. form arbuscular mycorrhizae with plant roots

Answer 22

Glomeromycota

Question 23

Zygomycetes vs ascomycetes
sexual reproduction

Answer 23

Zygomycetes
1. initiated by hyphal extensions (gametangia) of different mating types fusing
2. forms a resistant zygospornagium

ascomycetes
1. initiated by conidia fusing to hyphae and undergoing plasmogamy and karyogamy
2. produces sexual spores (ascospores) INTERNALLY in sacs

Question 24

Zygomycetes vs ascomycetes
fruiting bodies

Answer 24

Zygomycetes
1. NO elaborate fruiting bodies
2. produce simple sporangia

ascomycetes
1. produce sexual fruiting bodies (ascocarps)
2. contain sexual spore-producing asci

Question 25

Zygomycetes vs ascomycetes asexual reproduction

Answer 25

Zygomycetes 1. Asexual spores made INTERNALLY in bulbous black sporangia ascomycetes 1. produce asexual spores (conidia) EXTERNALLY on conidiophores

Question 26

Zygomycetes vs ascomycetes post-plasmogamy

Answer 26

Zygomycetes 1. short heterokaryotic phase ascomycetes 1. extended dikaryotic phase 2. INCREASED opportunity for genetic recombination

Question 27

Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes karyogamy

Answer 27

Ascomycetes 1. occurs within each ascus Basidiomycetes 1. occurs in each basidium

Question 28

Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes sexual fruiting bodies

Answer 28

Ascomycetes 1. ascocarps Basidiomycetes 2. basidiocarps

Question 29

Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes meiosis and mitosis

Answer 29

Ascomycetes 1. meiosis in each ascus produces FOUR haploid nuclei that undergo mitosis to produce EIGHT haploid nuclei 2. MEIOSIS FOLLOWED BY MITOSIS Basidiomycetes 1. meiosis in each basidium produces haploid nuclei that develop into FOUR external basidiospores 2. NO mitotic event

Question 30

Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes sexual spores

Answer 30

Ascomycetes 1. ascospores 2. BORNE INTERNALLY in asci Basidiomycetes 1. Basidiospores 2. borne EXTERNALLY in basidia

Question 31

Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes asexual reproduction

Answer 31

Ascomycetes 1. produce asexual spores (conidia) on external conidiophores Basidiomycetes 1. NONE

Question 32

Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes Dikaryotic stage

Answer 32

BOTH have extended dikaryotic phase - an increased opportunity for genetic recombination

Question 33

plasmogamy

Answer 33

union of cytoplasm of two-parent mycelium (n+N)

Question 34

karyogamy

Answer 34

haploid nuclei contributed by the two parents fuse = produce 2n cells

Question 35

all fungi share what feature

Answer 35

absorption of nutrients and heterotrophic nutrition

Question 36

what enables the quick rate of growth of a fungal mycelium

Answer 36

rapid distribution of synthesized proteins by cytoplasmic streaming

Question 37

the vegetative bodies of MOST fungi are

Answer 37

1. composed of hyphae 2. referred to as mycelium 3. underground

Question 38

ascomycete name comes from what aspect of their life cycle

Answer 38

sexual structures (ascus)

Question 39

what fungal structure is associated with ASEXUAL reproduction 1. zygospore 2. basidium 3. conidium 4. ascus

Answer 39

conidium

Question 40

largest to smallest 1. basidiocarp 2. basidium 3. basidiospore 4. hypha 5. gill

Answer 40

4 - 1 - 5 - 2 - 3

Question 41

NOT shared by both chytrids and other fungi 1. hyphae 2. absorptive nutrition 3. flagellated zoospores 4. chitin cell walls

Answer 41

3 - zoospores