Flashcards in Aquatic Ecology final Deck (324)
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271
mining and surface water quality
clearing, roads, waste rock, tailings, dust, living/operations
turbidity, metals, acid mine drainage
272
Industrial practices on surface water quality
wastewater effluent, contaminated sites, roads
turbidity, chemicals
273
Urbanization and surface water quality
sewage, water extraction, roads, pets, clearing
nutrients, chemicals, turbidity, pathogens
274
surface water quality is a measure of
parasites, bacteria, viruses, turbidity, nutrients, algal toxins, pH, hardness, alkalinity, natural organics, metals, hydrocarbons, chemicals
275
water treatments
no treatment
filtration
sedimentation
flocculation
chlorination
chloramination
ozonation
UV irrdiation
276
contamination in water distribution system (after treatment)
intrusion
regrowth
permeation
leaching
277
Intrusion, contamination in water distribution system
Pressure drop
faulty pipes/gaskets
cross-connections
unprotected tanks
contaminated soil/groundwater
278
regrowth, contamination in distribution system
distance from treatment plant
nutrient availability
regrowth conditions (biofilm)
regrowth in tanks/pipes
279
Permeation, contamination in distribution system
organic compounds
plastic pipes
elastomers
280
leaching, contamination in distribution system
piping material corrosion
pipe lines
tank lines/seals
281
flocculation
rocess wherein colloids come out of suspension in the form of floc or flake; either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent
282
airborne ammonia
72% of the variability in airborne ammonia explained by expansion of swine population
1988-1998: 0.1 - 0.4ppm
283
N:P ratios based on source
highest: runoff of unfertilized field
forest runoff
rainfall
manure seepage
sewage
284
controls on algal biomass and blooms
nutrients
seasonality of nutrient input
physical properties of receiving system
structure of the foodweb
285
% Total phytoplankton biomass vs. Lot TP (µg/L)
with an increase in TP shift to dominance of cyanobacteria (blue/green algae blooms)
286
Mycrostin concentration (µg/L)
linearly increasing with TP, Toxigenic biomass, and TN
-increase # of algae = increase # of toxin producing algae
287
major sources of P
septic, sewage, storm water, fertilizers
288
biomagnification of BMAA example
cyanobacteria-- cycad-- flying foxes -- Chamorro people
neuro-degenerative & hepato-degenerative disease
289
concentrations of BMAA biomagnified
cyano. 0.3µg/g
cycad 37µg/g
flying fox 3556µg/g
x10^2 per "trophic level"
290
Coagulation/flocculation
removes colloidal particles by adding coagulants
291
sedimentation
Floc settles down to the bottom
292
disinfection
kill bacteria and other organisms
293
filtration
remove particles through filters
294
disinfection byproducts
formed during treatment and disinfection
295
water treatment steps
source water--coagulation/flocculation-- sedimentation--filtration-- disinfection-- storage
296
Victoria water treatment
only disinfection (UV)
297
Increasing disinfection
increases disinfection byproducts, carcinogenic
298
Risk vs. Disinfection Level
Microbial curve is decreasing
DBPs curve is increasing
trade-off.. ideally in lower level of both risks
299
some DBPs
disinfection by-products
Chloroform
Chloroacetic acid
Chloro...
Formaldehyde
Acetone
Acetic acid
Benzoic acid
300
