Flashcards in Aquatic Ecology final Deck (324)
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151
Dam changes to soil
when water bodies are made, soils release heavy metals they have been holding into water
152
Colorado River, 1928
water treaty
7 states get 19km^3
Mexico 1.8km^3
153
Colorado River, 1930's
major water diversion to LA
154
Colorado River, 1935
Hoover Dam
155
Colorado River, 1960's
Glen Canyon Dam
[salt] exceeds 1.5g/L
ruins Mexico agriculture (collapse)
156
Response to Glen Canyon Dam - Mexican agriculture collapse
Yuma (Arizona) desalination plant
$1B/yr
157
Ground Water
give stability to ground
over draining creates space in ground
sinkage
drawdown water table
subsidence
158
Mexico City
built on a lakebed, elevation 2240m
Initially water flowed in and had to be diverted out
159
Changes in Mexico City
rapid growth (more than 20million)
Had to pump in water but had very poor infrastructure (holes in pipes)
subsidence 1m/yr
buildings tilting, roads, pipes moving
160
Canadian water
Great lakes: 240,000km^2
20+% of world FW
85% of NA water
45mill people in watershed (15mill Canada)
161
Canadian water export
policy unclear (provincial vs. federal)
NAFTA may require selling water to US
potential profit, damage degradation loss
162
Unclear water policy
freshwater is provincial jurisdiction
who can use water is federal - dept transportation, dept fisheries, dept fish&oceans
163
NAWAPA
North America Water and Power Alliance
potential water diversion: Rocky Mt trench -- Texas
from Mackenzie river valley
240 dams
nuclear power to pump it
164
GRAND Canal dam
Great Recycling and Northern Development channel
potentially divert from James Bay -- Great lakes
165
Dam/Diversion problems and education
political
economical
public education important
International co-operation
conservation
water re-use
166
Dam impacts, land inundation
mobilizes DOC & Hg to food web
Hg accumulation in fish
neuro-degenerative symptoms
loading to ocean (of water) is decreasing, may increase ocean salinity
167
MPA, IUCN definition
Any area of intertidal or subtotal domain, together with it's overlying water and associated flora, fauna, historical and cultural features, which has been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclose environment.
168
MPAs attempt to
protect sensitive habitat
conserve biodiv.
shelter vulnerable/endangered species
boost fisheries catch
169
IUCN
international union for conservation of nature
170
MPA coverage, now
less than 1% of worlds oceans
171
Newfoundland Cod, historically
fished from small dories, land lines
spawning ground far offshore (unreachable)- natural protection, refuge
172
dories
small, shallow-draft boat, 5 -7m, usually lightweight with high sides, flat bottom and sharp bows
173
Fishing technology
no natural fish refuges
very long range & time
targeting capability
174
Traditional fishery protection laws
species specific
i.e. Atlantic Cod
175
MPA, allowable
no ocean dumping or dredging
no exploration for or development of non-renewables
fishing/extraction permitted
176
fully protected MPA
"No-take zones"
"Areas of the ocean completely protected from all extractive and destructive activities"
no fishing, removal, dumping, dredging
177
Coverage of 'no-take' zones
less than 0.1% of the worlds ocean
178
Accidental MPA
Cape Canaveral
US gov't creates security zone around Cape C. satellite launch zone
179
MPA benefits
Increase/Enhance:
fish abundance
fish size/age
reproductive output
species diversity
habitat complexity
fishery yields in adjacent grounds
overall biomass increase
180
