Flashcards in Aquatic Ecology final Deck (324)
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241
dysentry
infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with the presence of blood and mucus in the feces
242
Water contamination
millions die worldwide/yr
rural/slums- high dysentry
243
amount of people in rural communities without access to safe water
77%
safe is in don't die from it
244
children under 5 that die from diarrhea in rural/slum communities, due to unsafe water
35/1000
245
Women and school, rural/slum communities
40% complete 3years
intense effort to collect water
246
Water contamination, Canada
many sick, 7 dead in Walkerton, Not
~1000 small communities on boil water advisories (all the time)
247
Water quality parameters of concern
pathogenic bacterie/protozoans (intestine disease)
excessive nutrients/algae (neuro/hepato toxins, carcinogenic byproducts)
harmful chemicals
248
anthropogenic harmful chemicals in drinking water
pesticides, herbicides, metals, antibiotics, pharma-care products
chemical/biological/microbial waste from agriculture, livestock, industry, households
249
why larger communities at lower risk of water contamination
adequate resources
expertise operator training and treatment
money
able to own and control entire watershed
250
example of dharma-care water contaminant, St. Lawrence Seaway
endocrine disrupters causing fish to not develop sex
251
Siem Reap River (cambodia), water contamination
throw waste into same small waterbody that is used for drinking
252
Bangladesh water crisis
well water becoming contaminated with arsenic from contaminated groundwater = ulcers, amputations, gangrene, carcinoma, pigmentation issues
253
Bangladesh water contamination, solution?
develop ponds to harvest rain water and use slow sand filters to clean water to entire village
254
BC water utilities
3500 registered systems
over 90% unfiltered, only chlorination
most small, rural systems
most have no control over environment/source quality
higher rate of enteric illness than rest of Canada
255
Canada boil water advisories
over 1000 communities
higher for aboriginal communities
256
enteric illness in BC, Ontario/Quesbec, Praries, Atlantic
rater per 100,000 vs time
All have decreased by ~50/100,000 from 1987-97
BC ~50/100,000 more than O/Q/P
BC ~100/100,000 more than Atlantic
257
distance from water treatment plant
the further away you are the more at risk you are, may need second treatment
258
economic returns from the biosphere
protecting/sustaining the environment lowers health costs
259
Land-use activities
agriculture
farming
waste disposal
pesticides/herbicides
harvesting
residential/industrial activities
260
Land-use activities cause loading of
pathogens
nutrients
metals/organics
humic compounds
pharmaceuticals
261
Surface/ground water protection and management must
Develop strategies to reduce loading
understand transport and fat of microbes and chemicals
Enhance community knowledge and understanding
262
Effects on/of water for public health
land-use activities
loading
quality of source
quality of output (tap)
263
Affect quality of source water
pathogens
algae
toxins
TOC/DOC
taste/odour
chemicals (drugs)
264
Natural process affecting water quality
small vs larger grazer system
recall: large fish = large grazers = smaller microorganisms (bacteria/algae/pathogens) which also = better water quality! (another problem of fishing down the food web?)
265
processes that affect surface water quality
wildlife
recreation
forestry
livestock
drylands farming
mining
industrial
urbanization
climate
266
Wildlife and surface water quality
beaver, otter, rabbit, ungulates, waterfowl
Protistan parasites
267
Recreation and water quality
boating, ATVs, hiking, camping, pets, cottages, skiing
sediments, pathogens, hydrocarbons, herbicides
268
Forestry and surface water quality
roads, clear cutting, camps, storage areas, stream crossings, slash burning
microbes, turbidity, organic loading
269
livestock operations and surface water quality
clearing, manure, feedlot, recreation, soil erosion
microbes, nutrients, turbidity
270
