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Auditory Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Auditory information is received by what nerve?

A

Cochlear nerve

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2
Q

Where does the cochlear nerve enter the brainstem?

A

Cerebellopontine angle

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3
Q

Once the cochlear nerve fibers enter the brain stem at the cerebellopontine angle, what happens?

A

Splits into ascending and descending bundles

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4
Q

Where does the ascending bundle synapse?

A

Anterior portion of the anterior cochlear nucleus

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5
Q

Where does the descending bundle synapse?

A

Posterior portion of the anterior cochlear nucleus AND

Posterior portion of the posterior cochlear nucleus

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6
Q

What information does the monaural tracts respond to?

A

Information about sounds at a SINGLE ear

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7
Q

Does the monaural tract stay ipsilateral or go contralateral?

A

Routes to the contralateral side

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8
Q

How does information in the monaural tract cross midline to target contralateral side?

A

Via the posterior acoustic stria

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9
Q

Describe the monaural tract

A
  • Fibers from posterior cochlear nucleus ascend
  • Cross midline via posterior acoustic stria
  • Ascend via lateral lemniscus
  • Synapse at inferior colliculus
  • Synapse at medial geniculate nucleus
  • Target primary auditory cortex
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10
Q

What nucleus does the monaural tract start at?

A

Posterior cochlear nucleus

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11
Q

What information does the binaural tracts respond to?

A

Manages information about differences between sounds at BOTH ears

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12
Q

What nucleus does the binaural tract start at?

A

Anterior cochlear nucleus

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13
Q

Fibers from the anterior cochlear nucleus ascend to where in the binaural tract?

A

Ipsilateral superior olivary complex AND

Contralateral superior olivary complex

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14
Q

How do fibers from the anterior cochlear nucleus ascend to the contralateral superior olivary complex?

A

Trapezoid body

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15
Q

What are the divisions of the superior olivary complex?

A

Medial superior olivary nucleus AND

Lateral superior olivary nucleus

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16
Q

The medial superior olivary nucleus transmits?

A

Time

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17
Q

The lateral superior olivary nucleus transmits?

A

Intensity

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18
Q

From the superior olivary complex, where do fibers ascend?

A

Lateral lemniscus

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19
Q

What are the divisions of the lateral lemniscus?

A

Central nucleus of lateral lemniscus AND

Posterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus

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20
Q

Where does the central nucleus of the lateral lemniscus send information?

A

To the inferior colliculus

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21
Q

Where does the posterior nucleus of the lateral lemniscus send information?

A

To the contralateral inferior colliculus

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22
Q

How does the posterior nucleus of the lateral lemniscus send information to the contralateral inferior colliculus?

A

Via the posterior tegmental commissure

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23
Q

Once at the inferior colliculus for the binaural pathway, where are fibers sent?

A

Medial geniculate nucleus and then on to the primary auditory cortex

24
Q

The posterior nucleus of the lateral lemniscus receivers fibers from where?

A

Lateral superior olivary nucleus

25
Describe the binaural pathway
- Fibers from the anterior cochlear nucleus ascend to the ipsilateral and contralateral (via trapezoid body) superior olivary complex - The superior olivary complex has a medial and lateral superior olivary nucleus - Medial superior olivary nucleus relays time - Lateral superior olivary nucleus relays intensity to posterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus - - Fibers ascend to lateral lemniscus divisions (central nucleus and posterior nucleus) - Fibers are sent to the ipsilateral inferior colliculus by the central nucleus of lateral lemniscus - Fibers are sent to the contralateral inferior colliculus by the posterior nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (via posterior tegmental commissure) - Fibers synapse at MGN and primary auditory cortex
26
Blood supply to cochlea and auditory nuclei
Basilar
27
Blood supply to inner ear and cochlear nuclei
AICA/labyrinthine A.
28
Occlusion of AICA/labyrinthine A?
Monaural hearing loss, ipsilateral facial paralysis and inability to have horizontal gaze towards affected side
29
Blood supply to superior olivary complex and lateral lemniscus?
Short circumferential of basilar
30
Blood supply to inferior colliculus?
Superior cerebellar A.
31
Blood supply to Medial Geniculate Nucleus?
Thalamogeniculate A.s
32
Blood supply to Primary Auditory cortex?
M2 of MCA
33
The hemisphere that controls language is known as the ______ hemisphere
Dominant
34
What is normally the dominant hemisphere?
Left
35
Broca's area
Production of language
36
Wernicke's area
Comprehension of language
37
Connects Broca's and Wernicke's area
Arcuate fasciculus
38
What does the arcuate fasciculus allow us to do?
Speak, understand others and then respond appropriately
39
What is the normally non-dominant hemisphere?
Right
40
What is the right hemisphere responsible for?
NON-verbal communication
41
Prosody
Tone, stress, rhythm of speech (i.e. how to sound sarcastic and mad etc.)
42
What is in the right hemisphere?
Area analogous to Broca's and Area analogous to Wernicke's
43
Area analogous to Broca's
Produces one's own prosody of speech
44
Lesion to area analogous to Broca's?
Motor aprosodia
45
Area analogous to Wernicke's
Comprehends non-verbal communication
46
Lesion of area analogous to Wernicke's?
Sensory aprosodia
47
When someone can perceive the sound but can NOT describe it
Auditory Agnosia
48
What causes auditory agnosia?
Bilateral lesions to anterior superior temporal lobes
49
Broca's Aphasia
Patients have trouble producing speech, but can still comprehend everything, NO repetition - Occlusion of M4 frontal MCA
50
Wernicke's Aphasia
Patients can NOT comprehend language, talk endlessly with no meaning, NO repetition - Occlusion of M4 temporal and parietal MCA
51
Global Aphasia
Damage to both Broca's and Wernicke's areas = loss of language completely - Occlusion of left ICA
52
Conduction Aphasia
Interruptions of arcuate fasciculus | - Comprehension and speech production are intact but difficulty producing appropriate replies
53
Transcortical motor
Similar to Broca's but repetition IS maintained | - Anterior watershed infarct
54
Transcortical sensory
Similar to Wernicke's but repetition IS maintained | - Posterior watershed infarct
55
Mixed transcortical
Similar to global aphasia but has some comprehension and motor production - Repetition IS maintained

Neuroendocrine (47 decks)

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