Triangles of Neck Flashcards

(46 cards)

1
Q

At what level is the hyoid bone?

A

Level of C3 and C4 – suspended by muscles

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2
Q

Fascia between the dermis and deep cervical fascia that contains sensory nerves, blood and lymph vessels, platysma muscles

A

Superficial fascia

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3
Q

Describe important features of the platysma muscle?

A

Within the superficial fascia, muscle of facial expression - innervated by CN VII and takes pressure off of jugular vein as well

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4
Q

Most superficial fascia that surrounds the entire neck including SCM and trapezius

A

Investing fascia

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5
Q

Anterior neck fascia that contains infrahyoid muscle and blends with pericardium

A

Pretracheal fascia

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6
Q

Fascia that encloses the vertebral column and associated musculature

A

Prevertebral fascia

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7
Q

Fascia that covers the carotids, internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve

A

Carotid sheath

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8
Q

Where is the retropharangeal space?

A

Posterior to pharynx and esophagus, bounded by carotid sheath and prevertebral fascia

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the retropharangeal space?

A

Permits movement of larynx and pharynx during swallowing but is an easy route for infections to spread

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10
Q

Borders of the anterior triangle?

A

SCM, inferior mandible, midline of the neck

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11
Q

Borders of the posterior triangle?

A

SCM, trapezius and clavicle

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12
Q

What nerves are in the posterior triangle?

A

CN XI, cutaneous nerves = lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical and suprascapular

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13
Q

What arteries are in the posterior triangle?

A

EJV, occipital, subclavian, suprascapular

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14
Q

What muscles are in the posterior triangle?

A

inferior belly of omohyoid, posterior and middle scalene, levator scapulae, splenius capitus

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15
Q

Describe congenital torticollis

A

Tumor within SCM during utero that causes childs head to be turned to side and the face turned away from affected side

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16
Q

Describe muscular torticollis

A

SCM possibly injured during birth, fibrotic mass traps CN XI – denervating it = head turned towards side and face turned away as SCM is stiff and shortened

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17
Q

Where do the cutaneous nerves of the neck emerge from?

A

Posterior margin of SCM at the nerve point of the neck, slightly above the transverse cervical nerve

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18
Q

Anterior rami of lesser occipital nerve

A

C2

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19
Q

Lesser occipital nerve supplies?

A

Skin of scalp and posterior auricle

20
Q

Anterior rami of greater auricular nerve

21
Q

Greater auricular nerve supplies?

A

skin over parotid gland, between mandible and auricle

22
Q

Anterior rami of transverse cervical nerve

23
Q

Transverse cervical nerve supplies?

A

Skin over anterior triangle

24
Q

Anterior rami of Supraclavicular nerves

25
Supraclavicular nerves supply?
Skin of lower neck and shoulder
26
Anterior rami of phrenic nerve
C3, C4, C5
27
Phrenic nerve supplies?
Thoracic diaphragm
28
What runs right with the C1 anterior rami that supplies the tongue musculature?
CN XII - hypoglossal nerve
29
What are the subtriangles in the anterior triangle?
Submental (unpaired), submandibular, carotid, muscular
30
What are the borders for the submental triangle?
Both digastric anterior bellies and hyoid bone
31
What is in the submental triangle?
Submental lymph nodes and veins that form anterior jugular vein
32
What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
Mandible, digastric posterior belly and digastric anterior belly
33
What is in the submandibular triangle?
Submandibular gland, CN XII, mylohyoid nerve and parts of facial artery and vein
34
What are the borders of the muscular triangle?
SCM, superior belly of omohyoid muscle and midline from hyoid to manubrium
35
What is in the muscular triangle?
Sternothyroid myscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands
36
What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
SCM, Omohyoid superior belly and digastric posterior belly
37
What are some things that run in the carotid triangle?
Carotid sheath and contents, CN XII, CN XI, superior root of ansa cervicalis, thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, branches of cervical plexus
38
What are the arteries of the anterior triangle?
Carotid sinus, internal and external carotid with branches
39
Where is the thyroid gland located?
From level C5 - T1 --- deep to sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles
40
Contain elastic vocal ligaments running btwn thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
Vocal folds (cords)
41
What determines the pitch of sound from the vocal folds?
Tension in the folds regulated by muscles innervated by CN X
42
What determines the volume of sound from the vocal folds?
Force of air
43
What come together when holding breath but are not vocal folds?
Ventricular folds = false vocal folds
44
Disorder of voice
dysphonia
45
Inflammation of vocal folds
Hoarseness
46
Inflammation of vocal folds where they no longer vibrate
Laryngitis