Triangles of Neck

Question 1

At what level is the hyoid bone?

Answer 1

Level of C3 and C4 – suspended by muscles

Question 2

Fascia between the dermis and deep cervical fascia that contains sensory nerves, blood and lymph vessels, platysma muscles

Answer 2

Superficial fascia

Question 3

Describe important features of the platysma muscle?

Answer 3

Within the superficial fascia, muscle of facial expression - innervated by CN VII and takes pressure off of jugular vein as well

Question 4

Most superficial fascia that surrounds the entire neck including SCM and trapezius

Answer 4

Investing fascia

Question 5

Anterior neck fascia that contains infrahyoid muscle and blends with pericardium

Answer 5

Pretracheal fascia

Question 6

Fascia that encloses the vertebral column and associated musculature

Answer 6

Prevertebral fascia

Question 7

Fascia that covers the carotids, internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve

Answer 7

Carotid sheath

Question 8

Where is the retropharangeal space?

Answer 8

Posterior to pharynx and esophagus, bounded by carotid sheath and prevertebral fascia

Question 9

What is the purpose of the retropharangeal space?

Answer 9

Permits movement of larynx and pharynx during swallowing but is an easy route for infections to spread

Question 10

Borders of the anterior triangle?

Answer 10

SCM, inferior mandible, midline of the neck

Question 11

Borders of the posterior triangle?

Answer 11

SCM, trapezius and clavicle

Question 12

What nerves are in the posterior triangle?

Answer 12

CN XI, cutaneous nerves = lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical and suprascapular

Question 13

What arteries are in the posterior triangle?

Answer 13

EJV, occipital, subclavian, suprascapular

Question 14

What muscles are in the posterior triangle?

Answer 14

inferior belly of omohyoid, posterior and middle scalene, levator scapulae, splenius capitus

Question 15

Describe congenital torticollis

Answer 15

Tumor within SCM during utero that causes childs head to be turned to side and the face turned away from affected side

Question 16

Describe muscular torticollis

Answer 16

SCM possibly injured during birth, fibrotic mass traps CN XI – denervating it = head turned towards side and face turned away as SCM is stiff and shortened

Question 17

Where do the cutaneous nerves of the neck emerge from?

Answer 17

Posterior margin of SCM at the nerve point of the neck, slightly above the transverse cervical nerve

Question 18

Anterior rami of lesser occipital nerve

Answer 18

C2

Question 19

Lesser occipital nerve supplies?

Answer 19

Skin of scalp and posterior auricle

Question 20

Anterior rami of greater auricular nerve

Answer 20

C2, C3

Question 21

Greater auricular nerve supplies?

Answer 21

skin over parotid gland, between mandible and auricle

Question 22

Anterior rami of transverse cervical nerve

Answer 22

C2, C3

Question 23

Transverse cervical nerve supplies?

Answer 23

Skin over anterior triangle

Question 24

Anterior rami of Supraclavicular nerves

Answer 24

C3, C4

Question 25

Supraclavicular nerves supply?

Answer 25

Skin of lower neck and shoulder

Question 26

Anterior rami of phrenic nerve

Answer 26

C3, C4, C5

Question 27

Phrenic nerve supplies?

Answer 27

Thoracic diaphragm

Question 28

What runs right with the C1 anterior rami that supplies the tongue musculature?

Answer 28

CN XII - hypoglossal nerve

Question 29

What are the subtriangles in the anterior triangle?

Answer 29

Submental (unpaired), submandibular, carotid, muscular

Question 30

What are the borders for the submental triangle?

Answer 30

Both digastric anterior bellies and hyoid bone

Question 31

What is in the submental triangle?

Answer 31

Submental lymph nodes and veins that form anterior jugular vein

Question 32

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 32

Mandible, digastric posterior belly and digastric anterior belly

Question 33

What is in the submandibular triangle?

Answer 33

Submandibular gland, CN XII, mylohyoid nerve and parts of facial artery and vein

Question 34

What are the borders of the muscular triangle?

Answer 34

SCM, superior belly of omohyoid muscle and midline from hyoid to manubrium

Question 35

What is in the muscular triangle?

Answer 35

Sternothyroid myscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 36

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

Answer 36

SCM, Omohyoid superior belly and digastric posterior belly

Question 37

What are some things that run in the carotid triangle?

Answer 37

Carotid sheath and contents, CN XII, CN XI, superior root of ansa cervicalis, thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, branches of cervical plexus

Question 38

What are the arteries of the anterior triangle?

Answer 38

Carotid sinus, internal and external carotid with branches

Question 39

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 39

From level C5 - T1 --- deep to sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles

Question 40

Contain elastic vocal ligaments running btwn thyroid and arytenoid cartilages

Answer 40

Vocal folds (cords)

Question 41

What determines the pitch of sound from the vocal folds?

Answer 41

Tension in the folds regulated by muscles innervated by CN X

Question 42

What determines the volume of sound from the vocal folds?

Answer 42

Force of air

Question 43

What come together when holding breath but are not vocal folds?

Answer 43

Ventricular folds = false vocal folds

Question 44

Disorder of voice

Answer 44

dysphonia

Question 45

Inflammation of vocal folds

Answer 45

Hoarseness

Question 46

Inflammation of vocal folds where they no longer vibrate

Answer 46

Laryngitis