Scalp and Superficial face

Question 1

What is the organization of the scalp layers from superficial to deep?

Answer 1

SCALP :
Skin (integument - epidermis and dermis)
Connective tissue - dense
Aponeuroses
Loose Areolar CT
Periocranium (periosteum)

Question 2

If a cut is superficial to the aponeuroses of the scalp, what happens?

Answer 2

It will bleed profusely but not gap open

Question 3

If a cut is deep to the aponeuroses of the scalp, what happens?

Answer 3

It will bleed profusely and WILL gap open

Question 4

What muscle pulls to create a gapping cut?

Answer 4

Occipitofrontalis

Question 5

Why do cuts in the scalp bleed profusely?

Answer 5

CT tends to hold the vessels open

Question 6

How do scalp infections spread?

Answer 6

Via emissary veins in the aponeuroses layer that merge with intracranial venous structures

Question 7

What nerve is responsible for most of the cutaneous innervation of the face/scalp?

Answer 7

Trigeminal (CN V)

Question 8

What are the 3 main branches of the trigeminal and what foramen do they pass through?

Answer 8

Opthalmic (V1) - superior orbital fissue
Maxillary (V2) - foramen rotundum
Mandibular (V3) - foramen ovale

Question 9

What area of skin does the opthalmic nerve innervate?

Answer 9

Top of scalp, down forehead and nose

Question 10

What are the sensory branches of the opthalmic nerve?

Answer 10

Supratrochlear, infratrochlear, and supraorbital

Question 11

Where does the supratrochlear nerve exit?

Answer 11

Supratrochlear foramen

Question 12

Where does the supraorbital nerve exit?

Answer 12

Supraorbital notch (foramen)

Question 13

What area of skin does the maxillary nerve innervate?

Answer 13

Temple region, down upper lip

Question 14

What are the sensory branches of the maxillary nerve?

Answer 14

Infraorbital, zygomaticfacial, zygomatictemporal

Question 15

Where does the infraorbital nerve exit?

Answer 15

Infraorbital foramen

Question 16

What area of skin does the mandibular nerve innervate?

Answer 16

Scalp in front of ear, down mandible and lower lip

Question 17

What are the sensory branches of the mandibular nerve?

Answer 17

Mental, buccal, auriculotemporal

Question 18

Where does the mental nerve exit?

Answer 18

Mental foramen

Question 19

Describe the connection between the Herpes Zoster Virus and the opthalmic nerve

Answer 19

Initial infection = chickenpox
Reactivation of the virus
Lesions appear, commonly affecting opthalmic nerve
Lesions follow skin that opthalmic nerve innervates (forehead and nose)

Question 20

What are the 2 types of lymph nodes in this region?

Answer 20

Superficial cervical nodes and inferior deep cervical nodes

Question 21

What are the superficial cervical nodes?

Answer 21

Submental, submandibular, parotid, occipital, mastoid nodes

Question 22

What do the superficial cervical nodes run along?

Answer 22

EJV

Question 23

What are the inferior deep cervical nodes?

Answer 23

Jugulo-digastric and Jugulo-omohyoid

Question 24

What path do the inferior deep cervical nodes run along?

Answer 24

Path of SCM

Question 25

Nodes join to form trunks and then join to form ducts, what duct drains the entire left side of the body and lower right side?

Answer 25

Thoracic duct

Question 26

What lymphatic duct drains upper right side of body?

Answer 26

Right lymphatic duct

Question 27

What do the thoracic and right lymphatic duct drain into?

Answer 27

Subclavian vein

Question 28

What is the largest gland, secretes a serous product and is enclosed by tough fascia?

Answer 28

Parotid gland

Question 29

What gland is within the submandibular triangle and secrets a serous + mucous product?

Answer 29

Submandibular

Question 30

What gland is within the oral cavity and secretes a mucous product?

Answer 30

Sublingual

Question 31

What are the structures within the parotid?

Answer 31

Parotid duct, facial nerve, retromandibular vein, external carotid A. and auriculotemporal nerve

Question 32

What innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 32

Facial nerve (CNVII)

Question 33

What are the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 33

Occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, zygomaticus major and minor, Buccinator

Question 34

What are the kissing muscles?

Answer 34

Orbicularis oris, buccinator

Question 35

What are the parts of orbicularis oculi?

Answer 35

Orbital part surrounding a palpebral part

Question 36

What is either an origin site or attachment site for the parts of occipitofrontalis?

Answer 36

Epicranial aponeuroses

Question 37

What are the parts of occipitofrontalis?

Answer 37

occipital portion and frontal portion (occipitalis and frontalis)

Question 38

What emotions does occipitofrontalis display?

Answer 38

Surprise/fright

Question 39

What actions does orbicularis oculi do?

Answer 39

Tightly and gently close eyelids

Question 40

What actions does orbicularis oris do?

Answer 40

Compress and protude lips to pout

Question 41

What emotions do zygomaticus major and minor show?

Answer 41

Happiness/laughter by pulling angle of mouth superolateral

Question 42

What does buccinator do?

Answer 42

Presses cheek in and draws mouth to side

Question 43

What are the kissing muscles?

Answer 43

Orbicularis oris and buccinator

Question 44

Damage to the facial nerve?

Answer 44

Bell's palsy

Question 45

Symptoms of bell's palsy?

Answer 45

Weakness/paralysis of facial muscles

Question 46

What are patients with bell's palsy at risk for?

Answer 46

Cornea ulceration since they cannot close eyelids sometimes

Question 47

What are the muscles of masstication?

Answer 47

Massater, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid

Question 48

What nerve innervates the muscles of masstication?

Answer 48

Trigeminal nerve (CNV)

Question 49

Main action of the muscles of masstication?

Answer 49

Elevate, close and protrude mandible