Bacteriology - intestinal

Question 1

Which intestinal bacteria are the most important?

Answer 1

Salmonella
E. coli
Yersinia
Shigella

Question 2

What media is used as a differential for enterobacteria?

Answer 2

MacConkey bile lactose agar

Question 3

How does macConkey bile lactose agar differentiate different bacteria?

Answer 3

Bacteria need to be tolerant of bile

Some ferment lactose - produce acid to turm pH red

Question 4

Are enterobacteria gram positive or negative?

Answer 4

Gram negative

Question 5

What do enterobacteria look like?

Answer 5

Straight rods

Question 6

What category of conditions are most enterobacteria?

Answer 6

Facultative anaerobes

Question 7

What disease does shigella cause?

Answer 7

Dysentry

Question 8

What disease does yersinia cause?

Answer 8

Invasive intestinal infections

Question 9

What does salmonella cause?

Answer 9

Enteritis

Question 10

What different serotypes are there of E. coli?

Answer 10

Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Verotoxigenic E. coli
Attaching and effacing E. coli
Enteroinvasive E. coli

Question 11

What do enterotoxigenic E. coli do?

Answer 11

Produces toxins that cause diarrhoea

Question 12

What do verotoxigenic E. coli do?

Answer 12

Produces toxins that cause kidney failure

Question 13

What do attaching and effacing E. coli do?

Answer 13

Attach and destroy the intestinal wall

Question 14

What do enteroinvasive E. coli do?

Answer 14

Invade the body and cause sepsis

Question 15

How are enterobacteria treated?

Answer 15

Supportive - fluids

Antibiotics NOT USED

Question 16

What does campylobacter look like?

Answer 16

Curved rods

Question 17

Is campylobacter gram positive or negative?

Answer 17

Gram negative

Question 18

What category of conditions does campylobacter need?

Answer 18

Microaerophilic (5% O2)

Question 19

Where is campylobacter found?

Answer 19

Gut of animals (not humans)

Gets into the muscle of white meat

Question 20

What is the name of the campylobacter that causes GI disease?

Answer 20

C. jejuni, C. coli

Question 21

What disease can campylobacter cause in cattle and sheep?

Answer 21

Abortion - C. fetus

Question 22

What enterobacteria are strict anaerobes?

Answer 22

Clostridium

Question 23

How does clostridium spread?

Answer 23

Spores

Question 24

What is the main types of clostridium producing neurotoxins?

Answer 24

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium botulinum

Question 25

How does tetanus cause disease?

Answer 25

Neurotoxins - tetanospasmin Tetanolysin - aids necrosis Causes spastic paralysis

Question 26

How does C. tetanus enter the body?

Answer 26

Deep puncture wounds where there is no O2

Question 27

What animals get descending tetanus?

Answer 27

Horses and humans - lungs affected first

Question 28

What is the main source of clostridium bolulinum?

Answer 28

Reheated rice

Question 29

What symptoms does clostridium botulinum cause?

Answer 29

Flaccid paralysis and death

Question 30

How can you prevent clostridium botulinum?

Answer 30

Cook food Avoid spoiled feed Vaccination

Question 31

What type of clostridium causes enterotoxaemia?

Answer 31

C. perfringens

Question 32

What increases the chance of getting C. perfringens?

Answer 32

Change in gut conditions eg. from antibiotics

Question 33

What type of enterobacteria can cause wound infections and gangrene?

Answer 33

Invasive toxigenic clostridia