Bacteriology - respiratory, mycobacteria and corynebacteria

Question 1

Is pasteurella gram positive or negative?

Answer 1

Gram negative

Question 2

What category of conditions does pasteurella need?

Answer 2

Facultative anaerobes

Question 3

Where does pasteurella affect?

Answer 3

Lungs and upper rest tract

Question 4

What disease in cattle are cause by pasteurella multocida/haemolytica?

Answer 4

Shipping fever - Stressful event causes viral infection which allows pasteurella to overgrow

Question 5

What disease in rabbits is caused by P. multocida?

Answer 5

Snuffles

Question 6

What category of conditions does haemophilus need?

Answer 6

Facultative anaerobes

Question 7

Is haematophilus gram positive or gram negative?

Answer 7

Gram negative

Question 8

What shape is haemophilus?

Answer 8

Coccobacilli pleomorphic

Question 9

What diseases does haematophilus influenzae cause?

Answer 9

Resp, joints and brain infections in humans and primates - primarily resp disease but can spread around the body

Question 10

What diseases does haematophilus somnus cause?

Answer 10

Resp, joints, genital and brain infections in cattle

Question 11

What category of conditions does bordetella need?

Answer 11

Aerobic

Question 12

Is bordetella gram positive or gram negative?

Answer 12

Gram negative

Question 13

How does bordetella cause disease?

Answer 13

When mucociliary escalator stops working, bacteria builds up on ciliated epithelium and produces toxins

Question 14

What diseases are associated with bordetella?

Answer 14

Whooping cough
Kennel cough
Atrophic rhinitis in pigs

Question 15

What does moraxella cause?

Answer 15

Bovine keratoconjunctivitis

Question 16

How does moraxella cause disease?

Answer 16

Sticks to cells using fimbrae and uses the nutrients - parasitic

Question 17

What are classed as mollicutes?

Answer 17

End in plasma eg. mycoplasma, haemoplasma

Question 18

What are the main features of mollicutes?

Answer 18

Very small
No rigid cell wall
Appear gram negative

Question 19

What do mollicutes cause?

Answer 19

Chronic low grade infections - survive intracellularly in host cells
Cytotoxic

Question 20

What category of conditions do mycoBACTERIA need? (not mycoplasma)

Answer 20

Aerobic

Question 21

Are mycobacteria gram positive or gram negative?

Answer 21

Gram positive

Question 22

What feature of mycobacteria help them hide from the immune system?

Answer 22

High (cell wall) lipid content - waxy

Question 23

What do mycobacteria look like?

Answer 23

Plump rods/clumps - non motile and non-sporing

Question 24

What stain do you need for mycobacteria?

Answer 24

Ziehl-Neelsen stain with acid-alcohol bcos waxy

Question 25

What do mycobacteria cause?

Answer 25

Tuberculosis

Question 26

What are the two forms of TB?

Answer 26

Miliary TB, lots of small foci of infection | Granulomatous/Tubercle formation - when infected macrophages aggregate etc.

Question 27

How does M. bovis spread?

Answer 27

Inhalation/ingestion

Question 28

How does mycobacterium avium in birds spread?

Answer 28

Faecal-oral route - in GI tract rather than lungs

Question 29

What is another disease that is caused by mycobacterium avium in ruminants?

Answer 29

Johne's disease - M. avium subsp paratuberculosis

Question 30

How does Johne's disease (M. avium subsp paratuberculosis) spread?

Answer 30

Faecal-oral spread

Question 31

What does Johne's disease (M. avium subsp paratuberculosis) cause?

Answer 31

Chronic enteritis - granulomas that spread down the gut and cause diarrhoea Wasting and death in 2-3 years

Question 32

How do you control Johnes disease?

Answer 32

Johnin test - test whole herd as works better

Question 33

What is the main disease of corynebacterium in humans?

Answer 33

C. diphtheria

Question 34

Are corynebacterium gram positive or gram negative?

Answer 34

Gram positive

Question 35

What do corynebacterium look like?

Answer 35

Pleomorphic - some look like Chinese letters, slender rods

Question 36

What are the three types of corynebacterium in animals?

Answer 36

C. renale C. pseudotuberculosis Rhodococcus equi

Question 37

What do corynebacteria look like in culture?

Answer 37

Dry and crumbly | Non haemolytic

Question 38

What disease does C. renale cause in cattle?

Answer 38

Cattle cystitis and pyelonephritis - kidney infection

Question 39

How is C. renale transmitted?

Answer 39

Venereally and in urine

Question 40

What disease does C. pseudotuberculosis cause?

Answer 40

Caseous lymphadenitis - chronic, lots of green odourless pus, from infected macrophages

Question 41

How is rhodococcus equi transmitted?

Answer 41

Inhalation from bacteria in the soil

Question 42

What disease does rhodococcus equi cause?

Answer 42

Lymphadenitis