Feline diseases Flashcards by Mary Tilling

What is FeLV?

Feline leukaemia virus

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What is FIV?

Feline immunodeficiency virus

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What category of virus are FeLV and FIV?

Retroviruses

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What is the prevalence of FeLV and FIV?

FeLV - 3% of shelter cats

FIV - 11% of shelter cats

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What type of signalment of cat is FeLV normally found in?

Adult cats

Clinically ill

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What type of signalment of cat is FIV found in?

Adult males (neutered or entire)
With outdoor access

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How is FeLV transmitted?

Close prolonged contact

Oronasal exposure to infected saliva

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How is FIV transmitted?

Biting and fighting

Infected saliva and blood

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How does transmission of FeLV and FIV compare?

FeLV - friendly virus

FIV - unfriendly virus

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What does abortive exposure to FeLV mean?

Virus is overcome - immune system gets rid of the virus before it becomes a problem

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What are the two different forms of FeLV infection?

Transient viraemia

Persistent viraemia

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What is a transient viraemia?

Virus is overcome but after a while (4 weeks)

Bone marrow will be infected after 3 weeks

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What is FeLV infection of the bone marrow called?

Latent infection - provirus is present

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What is a persistent viraemia?

Lifelong infection

Poor prognosis

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How is the pathogenesis of FIV different to FeLV?

Do not recover from FIV infection

Can recover from FeLV

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What are the stages of FIV infection?

Primary infection - first few weeks, mild illness
Asymptomatic period
May have recurrent infections - feline AIDS

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What are the main clinical signs of FeLV?

Immunosuppression
Anaemia - regen and non-regen
Neoplasia

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What are the main clinical signs of FIV?

Immunosuppression
Anaemia 
Chlamydia felis
Herpes virus
Chronic rhinitis
Stomatitis/gingivitis

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How do you diagnose FeLV?

ELISA
PCR
Immunoflorescence

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What is detected in the FeLV test?

Antigen - p27

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How do you tell if it is a transient/regressive FeLV infection or persistent/progressive FeLV infection?

Retest after 4 weeks

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How do you diagnose FIV?

ELISA

PCR

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What is detected in the FIV ELISA test?

Antibodies - p24

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How do you test kittens born to an FIV infected queen?

Test after 6 months old due to maternally derived antibodies

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What is detected in the FIV PCR test?

Provirus

When are false positives for FeLV and FIV a worry?

In healthy cats - 50% likely to be a false positive | only 10% likely to be a false positive in sick cats

How do you treat FIV?

Treat secondary infections Treat lymphomas with chemo/radiotherapy AZT - stomatitis/gingivitis

How do you treat FeLV?

Treat secondary infections | Treat lymphomas with chemo/radiotherapy

How do you prevent FeLV and FIV?

Keep indoors, neuter, separate Vaccinate for FeLV - non core vaccine No vaccine for FIV

What is the prognosis of FeLV?

85% of viraemic cats die in less that 3 years

What is the prognosis of FIV?

Often can survive many years with good healthcare

What are the most important causes of cat flu?

FHV-1 - feline herpes virus | FCV - feline calicivirus

How long does FHV survive in the environment?

18 hrs - enveloped

How long does FCV survive in the environment?

Fairly labile - 7-10 days but up to a month - non-enveloped

How are FHV and FCV transmitted?

Via nasal, oral and conjunctival routes

What are the two periods of FHV infection?

Latency | Intermittent shedding - 1-2 weeks

When are cats infectious with FCV?

Shedding of virus is persistent/continuous | No latency

What are the clinical signs of FHV?

Rhinitis Pharyngitis/laryngitis Dendritic ulcers Facial dermatitis

What are the clinical signs of FCV?

Lingual ulcers Chronic gingivostomatitis Respiratory - cat flu Fever, anorexia

What is the mortality of systemic FCV?

30-50%

How do you control FHV and FCV?

Vaccinate - doesnt prevent infection, but reduces severity of clinical disease

When should you vaccinate against FHV/FCV?

1st - 8 weeks 2nd - 12 weeks Ideally 3rd - 16 weeks

When should you booster vaccinate?

Every 1-3 years depending on risk

What is the most common cause of conjunctivitis in cats?

Chlamydia felis

How good is chlamydia felis at surviving in the environment?

Only a few days - obligate intracellular pathogen

How is chlamydia felis transmitted?

From ocular secretions

How long are animals infectious for chlamydia felis?

Prolonged shedding - up to 18 months

What are the clinical signs of chlamydia felis?

Conjunctivitis Ocular discharge Chemosis - swollen conjunctiva Not corneal ulceration - more likely to be FHV

How do you diagnose chlamydia felis?

PCR

How do you treat chlamydia felis?

Tetracyclines - doxycycline | Prolonged systemic treatment

How can you prevent chlamydia felis?

Vaccinate - non core, yearly, reduces severity

How common is infection of cats with bordetella bronchiseptica?

Infection is common but disease is rare

What increases the chances of getting bordetella bronchiseptica?

Dogs in household - kennel cough

How is bordetella bronchiseptica spread in cats?

Nasal and oral secretions

What are the clinical signs of bordetella bronchiseptica?

Respiratory disease Coughing - destroy cilia Pneumonia

How do you diagnose bordetella bronchiseptica?

PCR | Culture

How do you treat bordetella bronchiseptica?

Tetracyclines - doxycycline

How can you prevent bordetella bronchiseptica?

Vaccination - non core, uncommon

What type of pathogen is toxoplasma gondii?

Intracellular protozoa

How are cats infected with toxoplasma gondii?

Ingestion of cysts in tissues | Kittens from queen

How long are cats infectious for toxoplasma gondii?

Shed for 10-14 days | After that they develop antibodies and are fine

How long can sporulated oocysts survive in the environment?

18 months

What are the clinical signs of toxoplasma gondii?

CNS signs Muscle inflammation Uveitis of eyes

How do you diagnose toxoplasma gondii?

PCR | Serology - IgM

How do you treat toxoplasma gondii?

Clindamycin (macrolide) | Ocular treatment of uveitis

What is the zoonotic risk of toxoplasma gondii?

Human abortion Immunocompromised Young/old

How do you reduce zoonotic risk of toxoplasma gondii?

Empty litter trays daily so oocysts cant sporulate Only feed commercial cat food Wash hands etc.

What are haemoplasmas?

Epicellular bacteria that attach to the | surface of red blood cells - mycoplasma

What do haemoplasmas cause?

Haemolysis - regenerative anaemia

What type of cats is haemoplasmosis normally found?

Older male outdoor cats - bite history

How is haemoplasmosis diagnosed?

Haematology - regen anaemia | PCR

How do you treat haemoplasmosis?

Doxycycline | Supportive care

What is the prognosis of haemoplasmosis?

Good with prompt treatment | Can become asymptomatic carrier

Feline diseases Flashcards

(73 cards)