Professional studies - health and safety Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
What are the duties of the employer?
A
Provision of a safe place of work/study
Procedures for imminent danger
Safety management system in place
Information, instruction, supervision and training
2
Q
What are the duties of the employee?
A
Follow safety instructions
Do not damage/misuse safety equipment
Report any safety issues
3
Q
What does Health and safety information for Employees Regulations 1989 require?
A
Requires employers to display the HSE approved law poster in the workplace
4
Q
What does RIDDOR stand for?
A
Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations
5
Q
What type of incidents require reporting to HSE?
A
Fatal/major accidents
Accidents incurring absences from work of 7d or more
Dangerous Occurrences (near miss/ dangerous situations)
6
Q
When should you evacuate a building?
A
Continuous alarm
7
Q
When is a RIDDOR report required?
A
Only when the accident is work related and it results in an injury of a type which is reportable
8
Q
What type of injury is a femoral fracture under RIDDOR?
A
Specified injury
9
Q
What should happen for different types/lengths of incapacitation under RIDDOR?
A
Record if over three day incapacitation
Report if over seven day incapacitation
10
Q
When do non-fatal accidents to non-workers have to be reported under RIDDOR?
A
When the accident results in an injury and the person is taken directly from the scene of the accident to hospital for treatment to that injury
11
Q
What does Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences regulations (RIDDOR) require?
A
Requires employer to report serious accidents and occurrences directly to HSE
12
Q
What are the four types of injury from electricity?
A
Electric shock
Electrical burns
Loss of muscle control
Thermal burns (where the equipment gets hot)
13
Q
What strength of current will cause a person to have a jolt?
A
2.4mA
14
Q
What strength of current is the ‘let go threshold’?
A
15mA
15
Q
What strength of current will cause a person to have a serious shock?
A
24mA
16
Q
What can higher strengths of electrical current (above 75-100mA) cause?
A
Ventricular tachycardia/ fibrillation - death
17
Q
What can cause overloading of electrical appliances?
A
Daisy chaining extension leads
18
Q
What medical device can be a health and safety hazard regarding electricity?
A
Electrical diathermy - cauteriser
19
Q
What health and safety concerns can electrical diathermy cause?
A
Accidental burns Electrocution Surgical plume Ignition of VA Electrical interference with other medical devices
20
Q
What is the voltage of the mains electricity supply?
A
240V
21
Q
What is the ohms law?
A
Voltage (V) = Current (I) x Resistance (R)
22
Q
What is the equation to work out the resistance?
A
Resistance = (length x resistivity) /area
23
Q
What factors affect resistance in the body?
A
Physical size
Resistivity of the skin - lower when wet
Resistivity from organs
24
Q
What occurs at the ‘let go threshold’?
A
Unable to let go Tonic contractions of muscles Tissue damage Contraction of respiratory muscles Asphyxia and hypoxaemia
25
What is the risk of ventricular fibrillation determined by?
The current density (as the electricity travels across the chest)
26
What heart device may cause an issue if there is a small current transmitted?
Central venous line - very long IV catheter that is placed so that it sits above the vena cava’s entrance
27
When are electrical burns more common?
Higher voltages
28
What hazard may occur when using a multiway adaptor?
Overload it and cause strain on the wall outlet and a fire
29
What is the maximum current output from any wall outlet in the UK?
13A
30
What is the name for the test that is done on appliances and what do they look like?
PAT test
| Green and white sticker with a barcode and the date of the test
31
What legislation covers electrical testing?
Electricity at work regs 1989
32
What should be inspected visually before using equipment?
Splash sockets covers
Clipper casing
Cable wires
Plug casing
33
What is a diathermy machine?
A machine to cut tissue while cauterising the cut edges of the wound and/or apply it to bleeding areas to coagulate
34
How often should pressurised gases be serviced?
Legally required once a year
Recommended every 3 months
6 months is a good compromise
35
What is tested during testing of medical pressurised gas equipment?
```
Regulators
Switch over mechanisms
Pressure relief valves
Line pressure
Safety features
```
36
What should cylinders not be stored near?
Combustible material
| Sources of heat
37
What is the Maximum legal Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) of halothane?
10ppm
38
What is the Maximum legal Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) of isoflurane?
50ppm
39
What is the Maximum legal Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) of sevoflurane?
60ppm
40
What is the Maximum legal Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) of nitrous oxide?
100ppm
41
What regulations do the Maximum legal Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL) and regulations about waste gases come under?
COSHH - control of substances hazardous to health
42
What is the time weighting of the Maximum legal Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)?
Over 8 hours average exposure
43
What are the hazards associated with exposure to waste anaesthetic gases?
```
Headache
Irritability
Fatigue
Nausea
Impaired judgement/coordination
Liver/kidney disease
```
44
Who should be particularly careful around waste anaesthetic gases and where is the risk highest?
Pregnant staff - miscarriage and birth defects
| Patient recovery areas - disconnected from scavaging
45
What are the two types of scavenging?
Active - using a pump of some sort to take the waste gases away
Passive - just relying on gas flow and no pump
46
What is essential in active scavenging system?
An airbrake - so gases arent sucked out of patient so they cant breathe
47
What do passive scavenging cannisters not absorb?
Nitrous oxide
48
What regs do hoists for lifting patients fall under?
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regs 1998
49
What do the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regs 1998 state?
Lifting equipment should be suitable for the job
It should be tested and inspected regularly by a competent person
Anyone using the equipment should have training and should be aware of the limitations of using this equipment.
50
How many work related ill health cases were there in 2019/2020?
1.6 million
51
How many work related stress/depression/anxiety cases were there in 2019/2020?
0.8 million
52
How many work related musculoskeletal disorder cases were there in 2019/2020?
0.5 million
53
How many workers sustained a non fatal injury in 2019/2020?
0.7 million
54
What was the annual cost of new cases of work related ill health in 2018/19?
10.6 billion
55
How many fatal injuries were there is 2019/2020?
111
56
What were the annual costs of workplace injury in 2018/19?
5.6 billion
57
How many lung disease deaths are there each year?
12,000
58
Overall how much does illness and injury cost annualy?
16.2 billion
59
What is the the procedure that should be undertaken when sending clinical samples to a lab?
Packaged in a primary receptacle containing specimen
Then in a leakproof secondary container
Then in an outer package with compliant markings
Sent by first class post/courier only
60
How should lab samples be sent?
Sent by first class post/courier only
61
What regs are lab samples under?
Postal Regulations UN3373
62
What are some hazards of handling samples and biological materials?
Patient may have zoonotic disease or undergoing treatment (cytotoxic drugs)
63
Who are the people at risk when handling samples?
Those packing/ transporting/receiving the samples - postal workers, couriers, lab workers
64
What are the two different types of waste?
Domestic - normal and confidential(paperwork) waste
| Industrial
65
What counts as industrial waste?
```
Clinical waste -
Syringes
Needles
Body parts
Anything contaminated with any body fluids
```
66
How is industrial waste disposed of?
In yellow containers and incinerated by licensed company
67
What should you think about when assessing risk with a patient?
The location
The handler
Escape routes
Whether correct equipment is to hand
68
What is a hazard?
Anything that may cause harm
69
What is risk?
The chance that somebody could be harmed by these hazards and how seriously they could be harmed
70
What questions should be asked when assessing risk?
Who what where why when how
| Identify the task/area/procedure
71
What are the 5 steps to a risk assessment?
Identify the Hazards
Who may be Harmed – Be generic to groups, visitors, pregnancy/diabetic.
Evaluate the Risk – Remove/minimise risks, use alternatives - method, product.
Record the findings – Must be suitable, sufficient & reasonable. Include the PPE
Review (and Revise if needed) at regular intervals or when a change is made.
72
What can affect how a task is performed according to the risk assessment?
If there an Approved Code Of Practice (ACOP) that applies then must adopt this
73
How can you score potential injury?
Numerical (Quantitative) score
| Descriptive (Qualitative) score
74
What are the generic risk reduction measures?
```
Hazard elimination
Substitution
Barriers
Procedures
Warning systems
PPE
```
75
When should PPE be used?
Used only when other methods are not possible and only a last resort
76
What are some hazards to pregnant women?
Zoonoses
Anaesthetic gases
Manual handling
Fatigue, slips, trips etc.
77
What does DSE stand for in health and safety?
Display screen equipment (workstation assessment)
78
What are some reasons to manage health and safety?
Moral
Financial - claims/insurance
Legal - Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
Professional - duty of care
79
Who are the responsible bodies for H&S in the UK?
The Health and Safety Executive (HSE)
80
Who are The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) sponsored by?
Department for Work and Pensions
81
Who work for The Health and Safety Executive (HSE)?
Inspectors who inspect businesses etc proactively as part of regular inspections and in the event of an incident
82
What can inspectors for the The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) do?
May gain access to a workplace at any time without a warrant
Employ the police to assist
May take equipment or materials from premises to assist investigations
Take measurements, photos, and samples, statements, records, and documents for investigation
83
What are the two types of law that are applicable to H&S?
Criminal (statutory) law
| Civil law
84
What does criminal law cover?
covers crimes (more major) or offences (minor acts of law breaking)
85
What is the principle of criminal law?
The accused is initially presumed innocent and the prosecution must prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt
86
What does civil law cover?
Disputes between individuals
| The claimant is generally looking for compensation for the wrong that has been seen to be done
87
Where are criminal and civil law cases dealt with?
Criminal - crown court before a judge and a jury
| Civil - county court in front of a magistrate
88
How can a death in the workplace be prosecuted?
Either manslaughter or murder
89
Why was the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 introduced?
To create a means of accountability for deaths caused by very serious management failings (gross breach of duty of care by senior management)
90
What is 'strict liability' (absolute duty) in the law?
In legislation this is usually signified by using the works ‘must’ and ‘shall’ do it
91
What is 'practicable' in the law?
If it can be done, it will be done with no option but to comply and will lead to prosecution if not done.
Some degree of ‘reason’ may be considered as well as ‘custom and practice’.
92
What is 'reasonably practicable' in the law?
There is a balanced analysis of cost / benefit and the outcome chosen is the best under the circumstances.
This needs to be recorded in writing (paper documents or electronically).
Some things have to be done even though they are risky
93
What are ACOPs (Approved Codes of Practice) for?
These are for high-risk activities, for example taking X-rays
94
What are SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures) for>
These are more dependent on local facilities and procedures of the specific workplace
95
What are the two forms of insurance that every business must hold?
Employer's Liability
| Public Liability
96
What is Employer's Liability?
The legal liability to employees for death or injury
97
What is Public Liability?
The legal liability to third parties (i.e.: Clients, visitors, or members of the public) for death or injury or damage to their property
98
What insurance must veterinary practices hold as well as public and employers liability?
Professional Negligence Insurance
99
What is Professional Negligence Insurance?
The legal liability for breach or professional duty by reason of any negligent act or accidental error or omission in teaching, research, or consultancy
100
What is the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in UK?
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
101
Who are responsible for enforcing the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974?
The Health and Safety Executive
102
What are the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999?
How you manage H&S using the various regulations like PUWER (provision and use of work equipment regulations).
103
What regulation cover general fire safety?
The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
104
Which part of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 do vets primarily need to follow?
Section 2
105
What is in section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974?
Safe plant and systems of work
Safe handling, storage, maintenance, and transportation of (work) articles and substances
Information, instruction, training and supervision
Safe place of work with safe access and egress
Adequate welfare facilities
106
What should an induction process for new employees cover?
```
Role and responsibilities
Emergency procedures
Main hazards
Risk assessments
Local rules
Safe systems of work
```
107
What duty do we have when we act as a supplier?
All suppliers and manufacturers must apply a general duty of care which is a Common law requirement.
They should supply suitable information to owners/ clients about medicines, equipment, zoonoses, etc.
They should ensure that any equipment supplied is safe and this means it needs to comply with CE
108
When must safety information be communicated in writing rather than verbally?
If the practice has five or more employees
109
What is the difference between Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 and HASAWA 74?
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 set out clear responsibilities of employers and employees in *greater detail* than the HASAWA 74
The HASAWA 1974 sets out what employers and employees *must do* and the MHSWR 1999 gives details of *how they do this*
110
What does provision 3 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 cover?
Risk assessments
| Covers young people too
111
What does provision 4 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 cover?
Principles of prevention to be applied
112
What does provision 5 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 cover?
Employers to make appropriate arrangements given the nature and size of operations
113
What does provision 6 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 cover?
Health surveillance
114
What does provision 7 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 cover?
Competent person to be appointed by the management
115
What does provision 8 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 cover?
Employers to establish procedures for serious and imminent danger including evacuation procedures
116
What does provision 10 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 cover?
Employers to give comprehensive and relevant information on H&S risks Covers Reg 8 measures and identities of competent persons
117
What does provision 11 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 cover?
Covers shared work places and the need to communicate and cooperate on H&S matters
118
What does provision 12 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 cover?
H&S information to supplied to employers and employees of outside businesses/undertakings of risk involved with working in your business
119
What does provision 13 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 cover?
Employers to take capabilities into account when giving tasks/training
120
What does provision 14 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 cover?
Employees are required to inform their employer of shortcomings in their H&S arrangements, and comply with instructions and training
121
What does provision 15 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 cover?
Temporary workers
122
What does provision 16 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 cover?
This covers new, nursing and expectant mothers - must inform employer in writing for this to apply
123
What does HALT stand for relating to ill health?
```
Hungry
Angry
Late/Lonely
Tired
Covers ill health
```
124
Under RIDDOR, what should practice staff do as soon as possible after an accident has occurred in a veterinary practice?
Complete an accident report form
