What do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
- Chloroplasts
- Cell Wall
- Central Vacuole
What is the space in the cell past the phospholipid bilayer?
Lumen.
What organelles are within the nucleus?
- Chromatin
- Nucleolus
- Nuclear Envelope
What is the Tonoplast?
A structure within the Central Vacuole that determines the tone of the cell.
What is the product at the bottom of a homogenate tube after centripetal force is applied (centrifuge)?
The heaviest parts of the homogenate such as the nuclei.
What are within the nucleus?
Chromosomes.
What does the nucleolus do?
Create ribosomal subunits for RNA.
What is within the Endomembrane System?
- Nuclear Envelope
- Smooth ER
- Rough ER
- Golgi Apparatus
- Lysosome
What is the Cis side of a cell?
Receiving side of Golgi Apparatus.
What is the Trans side of a cell?
Shipping side of Golgi Apparatus.
What is the purpose of the Lysosome?
Digestive functions.
How do Prokaryotes move?
Through a rotor (spinning propeller-like motion), called Flagellum Spins.
How do Eukaryotes move?
The flagella flaps back and forth made from an arranged pattern of microtubules (9+2), called Flagellum Waves.
What are the 3 types of Junctions?
- Tight Junction [Buttons]
- Desmosome (Anchoring Junction) [Zippers]
- Gap Junction (Communicating Junction) [Tunnels]
What are Cell Walls made of?
Cellulose.
What are the 3 components of a membrane?
- Phospholipids
- Cholesterol
- Proteins
What does Lysozome do?
Grabs proteins and thrashes them apart.
What is Competitive Inhibition?
Molecules compete for an active site.
What is an Allosteric Site?
The site serves as an on or off switch (binding a substance to the site can switch enzyme between its active and inactive configuration).
How much ATP does each NADH and FADH2 produce?
- 3 ATP
- 2 ATP
Fermentation of alcohol produces what, which lactate does not?
CO2.
What are the earliest photosynthesizers?
Cyanobacteria.