- Dandelion (contained in sack)

Microbio Lab Practical Flashcards by Josh Bajarias

What is a Saprobe?

Derives nourishment from non-living or decaying matter.

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What is Pseudohypha?

When buds fail to attach, they form a short chain.

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What characteristics classify Kingdom Fungi?

Uni/Multicellular
No chloroplasts
Chitin cell walls
Heterotrophic
Can be saprobic

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Characteristics of Mold.

Multiple nuclei
Grows as hyphae of filaments
Stringy filament

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Characteristics of Yeast.

Unicellular

- Oval-shaped

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Difference between budding and fission?

Budding results in unequal division, whereas fission is equal.

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What is the Thallus of mold?

Whole body.

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What is the Mycelium of mold?

Mass of hypha.

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What is associated with Vegetative Hypha?

Cheese
Berries
Digestion

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What is associated with Reproductive Hypha?

Fruiting spores.

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Can spores be sexual or asexual?

- Endospore with bacteria is survival

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What is the main difference between Vegetative and Reproductive Hypha?

Vegetative has feeding structure

- Reproductive has budding and spores

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What is a Zygospore?

A sexually formed spore.

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Which mold has a Zygospore?

Rhizopus stolonifer.

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Which mold is in the phylum Zygomycota?

Rhizopus

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Which molds are in the phylum Asomycota?

Yeast
Aspergillus
Penicillium

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Which molds have conidiospores?

Aspergillus niger

- Penicillin chrysogenum

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Rhizopus facts.

Dandelion (contained in sack)

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What are the 2 growth patterns for Candida albicans?

Yeast-like

- Mold-like

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What are some of the diseases associated with Candida albicans?

Thrush
Yeast infection
Invasive candidiasis

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What is the environmental and commercial benefit of Saccharomyces?

Beer
Wine
Cheese
Vinegar

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Why are opportunistic fungi associated with different parts of the body?

Different pH

- Secrete different enzymes

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Characteristics of Algae.

Eukaryotic unicellular

- Heterotrophic

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Characteristics of Cyanobacteria.

Prokaryotic unicellular

- Autotroph

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What are the medical risks associated with Algal Bloom?

Any bloom is toxic.

What are some benefits of Diatoms?

- Identification of oil deposits | - Insecticide

What disease is associated with inhalation of a Diatomaceous Earth?

Silicosis.

Why does algae produce more oxygen than land plants?

Our planet is 3/4ths water where algae is present.

What is the cause for Cyanobacterial Bloom?

- Excess fertilizer runoff | - Animal agriculture runoff

What disease is associated with Cyanotoxins?

In general, just toxic to human health.

What is a Biofilm?

Thin-slimy film of bacteria that adheres to surface.

What is Quorum Sensing?

Communication between bacterial organisms.

What is the purpose of a Coplin Jar?

Container to help make biofilms.

How do you differentiate age and concentration of biofilms?

More cells present on higher biofilm concentration and older.

What is the function of Quorum Sensing?

For bacterial cells to be able to quantify each other.

What are the medical implications of biofilms and how does it benefit the bacteria?

- Hard to treat - Aggravate inanimate structures - Offer protection for bacteria

What is the role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilm formation in the body?

Planktonic organism.

What is Reduced Media?

Media that doesn't retain oxygen.

What are two reducing medias that we worked on in lab?

- Fluid thioglycolate | - Brewers media

What color does fluid thioglycolate turn in the presence of oxygen?

Red.

What color does the brewer plate turn when oxygen is present and when oxygen is not present?

- Purple = Present | - Clear - Absent

How do you determine if an anaerobic jar has a leak?

The media will be purple, when it should be clear.

What is the biochemistry of the general odors in lab?

- CO2 - H2S - Sulfurs

What is Decimal Reduction Time?

Point at which 90% of the organisms have died.

Between moist and dry heat, which is more effective in sterilizing?

Moist.

Between pasteurization, boiling and autoclaving - which one achieves sterility?

Autoclaving.

What does dry heat do to cells?

- Denatures enzymes - Dehydrates - Dessicates - Incinerates

Why is Clostridium botulinum a high target for the food industry?

If the organism is dead, the toxins still enter the can.

What is the difference between non-ionizing and ionizing radiation?

- UV = Non-ionizing | - Gamma/X-rays = Ionizing

Why is UVC more damaging than UVA and UVB?

UVC has a shorter wavelength of 260nm.

What is the role of Photolyases and Photoreactivation in endonucleases with dark repair?

- Excision repair - Fix/Prevent mutation - Photo-repair

What are the limitations of UV sterilization?

- Does not penetrate - Distance decreases efficacy - Disinfectant

What is the benefit of having pigmentation and glycocalyx in regards to UV light?

They will make it harder for UV to penetrate.

Which organisms would most likely survive UV in order from greatest to least?

- Spore formers | - Pigmentation and glycocalyx

What is the difference between disinfection and antiseptic?

- Inanimate = Disinfection | - Animate = Antiseptic

What are the variables that have an effect on effectiveness of disinfectants or antiseptics?

- pH - Temperature - Solubility - Organic interference

How do you determine which compound was most effective for killing part of a culture?

Bigger dead zones translate to how effective the compound is.

What is a Chemotherapeutic Drug?

A drug given to treat anything.

What was the contribution of Alexander Fleming?

Penicillin.

What is the purpose of the Kirby-Bauer test?

To determine resistance and sensitivity of a given organism.

What is the different between a Use-Dilution test and a Disk Diffusion test?

- Use-dilution is always consistent | - Disk Diffusion can be dipped too much or too little

During which phase are antimicrobial drugs most effective and why?

- Synthesis during peak rates of division | - Log increase

What is Endemic?

Local area at a constant rate.

What is Epidemic?

High rate, one area.

What is Index Case?

Original infection.

What is Competent Bacteria?

Bacteria capable of taking DNA and transforming.

What is Transformation?

Taking up DNA.

What is the purpose and procedure of transformation?

- Purpose = Expose them | - Purpose = Genetic engineering

Why do we heat shock or salt treat bacteria?

In order to increase permeability.

What is the purpose of LB media?

For recovery.

What is the purpose of plating on media containing antibiotic ampicillin?

- Reduce risk of contamination | - Select for transformed cells

What is the difference between endonuclease and exonuclease?

Endo cuts within, where exo cuts on the ends.

Why do bacteria possess restriction enzymes?

To protect from viruses.

Why does DNA digestion use restriction enzymes and what does it do?

- Isolate DNA | - Chew it up with restriction enzymes

What is a Mutagen?

Compound that causes mutation.

What is Mutagenicity?

Susceptibility to mutation.

What is Minimal Media?

Media lacking compound for auxotroph.

What is the purpose of the Ames test?

- Test mutagenicity of auxotroph mutant | - More mutagenic = more revertants

Why are Histodine Auxotrophs cultured on minimal media?

Couldn't grow otherwise.

What do more colonies indicate in a mutagenicity test?

More mutagenicity.

Which worms are Dioecious?

- Enterobius vermicularis - Ascaris lumbricoides - Necator americanus

Which worms are Monoecious?

- Taenia | - Chlonorchis senensis

What is Enterobius vermicularis and where does it come from?

- Pinworm | - Ingestion of eggs

What is Ascaris lumbricoides and where does it come from?

- Giant roundworm | - Soil

What is Necator americanus and where does it come from?

- Hookworm | - Soil

What is Taenia and where does it come from?

- Tapeworm | - Undercooked beef/pork

What is Chlonorchis senensis and where does it come from?

- Fluke | - Undercooked crustaceans

Microbio Lab Practical Flashcards

(87 cards)