bio ch 7

Question 1

what organic chemistry studies

Answer 1

study of carbon containing compounds

Question 2

significance of homeostasis with regards to enzymes

Answer 2

Cells depend on enzymes to speed up the many chemical reactions that keep the cell alive–enzymes work best at particular temperatures and homeostasis maintains a constant body temperature.

Question 3

Organelles

Answer 3

structures within a cell that have special functions (little organs)

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

portion of cell outside the nucleus Cyto = cell

Question 5

three parts of the cell theory

Answer 5

All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things (smallest units of life)
New cells are made from existing cells

Question 6

how we find the objective when viewing a sample under a microscope

Answer 6

To get the total magnification take the power of the objective (4X, 10X, 40x) and multiply by the power of the eyepiece,

Question 7

prokaryotes

Answer 7

Cells that do not have a nucleus (bacteria, archairia)

Question 8

eukaryotes

Answer 8

cells that have a nucleus(protists, fungi, plants, animals)

Question 9

what are diffusion and osmosis forms of

Answer 9

passive transport

Question 10

exocytosis

Answer 10

taking material out of cell

Question 11

endocytosis

Answer 11

taking materials into the cell

Question 12

multicellular life

Answer 12

Multicellular organisms specialize their cells for particular task & communicate with each other, ususally with hormones to mantain homeostasis

Question 13

single celled organisms

Answer 13

Single celled creatures grow, respond to environment, transform energy & reproduce.

Question 14

how active transport differs from diffusion or osmosis

Answer 14

Active transport requires chemical energy because it moves biochemicals from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. Passive trasport doesn’t require energy because it moves biochemicals from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Question 15

cells impacted by isotonic solutions

Answer 15

cell is unchanged

Question 16

cells impacted by hypotonic

Answer 16

cell swells as water enters to dilute the [high] outside the cell

Question 17

cells impacted by hypertonic

Answer 17

cell shrinks as water leaves the cell to dilute [high] outside the cell

Question 18

osmosis

Answer 18

Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 19

what it’s called when diffusion stop

Answer 19

It’s called equilibrium when it stops:

Question 20

when does diffusion stop

Answer 20

Diffusion stops when molecules are even throughout space

Question 21

what direction diffusion travels

Answer 21

all over

Question 22

what establishes diffusion

Answer 22

particles

Question 23

Scientist who produced ‘Photo 51’, an X-ray diffraction pattern of DNA

Answer 23

rosalind franklin

Question 24

Brilliant American scientist whose progress on DNA’s structure put great pressure on the British teams to find a solution

Answer 24

linus pauling

Question 25

Frustrated and disgruntled, this scientist showed Photo 51 to other scientists without the consent of the photo’s owner.

Answer 25

maurice wilkins

Question 26

An Austro-Hungarian biochemist who found that certain nitrogenous bases always existed in specific proportions.

Answer 26

erwin chargaff

Question 27

Passionate American scientist who ‘put the pieces together,’ developing a successful model of DNA

Answer 27

james watson

Question 28

British scientist who had calculated the predicted X-ray diffraction pattern of a double helix.

Answer 28

francis crick

Question 29

theory

Answer 29

a well tested explanation supported by verified hypothesis and broad explanation

Question 30

inference

Answer 30

a logical interpretation of an observation

Question 31

homeostasis

Answer 31

constant internal temperature

Question 32

what is science and what is it not?

Answer 32

a process but not a belief system

Question 33

science's goals

Answer 33

provide explanation for events in the natural world | use them to understand patterns + make useful predictions

Question 34

General process of experimental design

Answer 34

designed experiment that has all variables controlled save one. if the changed one affects the experiment, its concluded that its involved with the observed phenonenom

Question 35

What is the purpose of a control?

Answer 35

a setup that has all conditions unchanged from the original scenario

Question 36

dependent variable

Answer 36

result to the independent variable

Question 37

independent variable

Answer 37

the variable in the experiment that's been changed from the control set-up

Question 38

Hypothesis

Answer 38

research prediction that can be testable, hypothesis are most effective using if...then...because statements-researched positions

Question 39

qualitative data

Answer 39

data that is descriptive can't be counted or measured

Question 40

quantitative data

Answer 40

data that can be counted or measured

Question 41

bias

Answer 41

personal preference in or point of view should be avoided in scientific research

Question 42

speculation

Answer 42

a hypothesis that can be tested

Question 43

characteristics of all living things

Answer 43

made of cells, can reproduce, contains DNA, can grow+develop, has a metabolism & use materials for energy, maintain homeostasis & evolution

Question 44

photosynthesis

Answer 44

plants use the sun's energy to make glucose

Question 45

pigment

Answer 45

molecule that selectively absorbs light

Question 46

chlorophyll

Answer 46

main pigment of plants

Question 47

What condition leads to the process of fermentation being used?

Answer 47

no oxygen

Question 48

what is the purpose of making by-products through fermentation?

Answer 48

doesnt use oxygen

Question 49

Understand the relationship between fermentation and glycolysis

Answer 49

fermentation is the sue of glycolysis to make ATP in the absence of of oxygen

Question 50

Can multicellular organisms sustain fermentation

Answer 50

no

Question 51

Understand why cellular respiration is essential to multicellular life.

Answer 51

it provides the energy for living organisms to perform all of the other necessary functions to maintain life.

Question 52

Is cell respiration exothermic or endothermic? Explain.

Answer 52

exothermic, it releases energy

Question 53

What is the ultimate source of energy for all living things?

Answer 53

the sun

Question 54

How is ATP different from ADP in terms of numbers of phosphate?

Answer 54

ATP has 3 phosphates, ADP had 2.

Question 55

Is photosynthesis an exothermic or endothermic reaction? Explain.

Answer 55

endothermic because it's taking energy in to build the glucose

Question 56

nucleotide

Answer 56

monomers that make up DNA

Question 57

double helix

Answer 57

two strands wound around each other

Question 58

dna polymerase

Answer 58

enzyme responsible for DNA replication

Question 59

functions of nucleic acid

Answer 59

they're macromolecules that store or transmit RNA - genetic information