Biology 1.5

Question 1

Catalyst

Answer 1

Increases reaction rate without being a reactant. Lowers activation energy without shifting equilibrium.

Question 2

Enzyme

Answer 2

Biological catalyst, proteins. Binds to substrates with varying degrees of specificity within active site. Does not change reaction’s delta G (free energy) value. Works best with certain pH and temperature

Question 3

Temperature of enzymes

Answer 3

Higher temperature increases reaction rate. Altering temperature outside of tolerable range can cause enzyme to denature and destroy its active site

Question 4

pH of enzymes

Answer 4

Changes in pH outside of tolerable range can result in denaturation

Question 5

Allosteric regulation

Answer 5

Some enzymes have both active and allosteric site. Binding of an effector (inhibitor or promoter) to allosteric site can alter the active site to make it less or more accessible to substrates

Question 6

Non-competitive inhibition (allosteric inhibition)

Answer 6

Substrate binds to allosteric site which alters active site to be less accessible by the substrate

Question 7

Cooperativity (allosteric activation)

Answer 7

Substrate binds to allosteric site which allows enzyme to be more receptive to additional substrates at active site

Question 8

Feedback inhibition

Answer 8

Certain enzymes can be inhibited by the end-product of the biochemical process

Question 9

Competitive inhibition

Answer 9

A substance can mimic the substrate and compete for active site of the enzyme