Blocks 47-bonus Flashcards
(228 cards)
What are the main distinguishing characteristics of fragile X syndrome?
Fragile X syndrome will have macroorchidism, hyperflexible joints, and a long face.
What is the equation for NNT?
NNT=1/ARR
What is the sensory distribution of the musculocutaneous nerve in the forearm?
The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the lateral forearm with sensory input.
What is the role of snRNPs?
snRNPs help to remove introns
What condition is associated with smaller than normal changes in ventricular volume at the same level of ventricular pressure?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is associated with smaller than expected changes in ventricular volume at a given pressure.
What is the main way that copper is excreted from the body?
Copper is largely excreted in bile either as ceruloplasmin or as free copper.
What is the equation for RPF?
RPF = PAH clearance = ([urine PAH] * urine flow rate)/[plasma PAH]
What site of ulceration is least likely to be malignant in someone with H. pylori infection?
Duodenal ulcers are the most common in H. pylori infection and are also the least likely to be malignant.
What partial agonist of mu can induce opioid withdrawal symptoms in an addict?
Pentazocine can induce withdrawal symptoms in those addicted to morphine. It is a partial agonist/antagonist at the mu receptor
How do fibrates work?
Fibrates block 7alpha-hydroxylase to prevent the conversion of cholesterol into bile salts. This increases the amount of cholesterol in the bile.
What is a serious side effect of lamotrigine?
Lamotrigine can cause a life-threatening skin rash in children and adults.
What effect will cholestyramine have on the production of cholesterol?
Cholestyramine will increase the production of cholesterol because it increases the amount of bile eliminated in the stool. The liver then has to synthesize new cholesterol to replace it.
What is a dsDNA virus that can have intracytoplasmic inclusions
HSV-1 can have intracytoplasmic inclusions and is a dsDNA virus
How are most carcinogens converted to their dangerous form?
Microsomal monooxygenase (Cyp 450) usually converts pro-carcinogens to more toxic metabolites
What is the equation for clearance?
CL = ([Urine] * urine flow rate)/[plasma]
What enzyme is deficient in someone who has abnormal stores of glycogen, hepatomegaly, and cardiomegaly?
Pompe’s disease is due to a deficiency of acid alpha glucosidase.
If PT doesn’t correct with vitamin K then there is probably a deficiency in ____________.
Factor VII deficiency can lead to a prolonged PT that will not correct with the administration of vitamin K
What are the two most specific findings for Grave’s disease clinically?
Lower leg skin thickening and induration (myxedema) and exophthalmos are the two most specific findings in Grave’s disease.
Degeneration of which region of the brain will be seen early in alzheimers.
Hippocampal degeneration is present early in the course of alzheimers disease.
If someone has a cyst that lies between their umbilicus and small intestine where did it come from?
A vitelline cyst is due to improper degeneration of the vitelline duct during development. It can also lead to a Meckel’s diverticulum.
Where does nitroglycerin act? What does this lead to?
Nitroglycerin acts on the large veins leading to a decreased pre-load.
Which RNA polymerase is responsible for the synthesis of rRNA?
RNA POL1 is responsible for the synthesis of rRNA.
What is the name of a tumor in the liver that has interstitial spaces with blood in between?
Cavernous hemangiomas are the most common benign liver tumors. They look like a big glob of blood vessels with a thick interstitium
Which form of kidney disease would have microscopic spikes?
Membranous glomerulonephropathy has a spike and dome pattern.