Cancer Chemotherapy

Question 1

Aldesleukin (IL-2)

Answer 1

Inc. lymphocyte differentiation and inc NKs: renal cell cancer and metastatic melanoma

Question 2

Interleukin-11

Answer 2

Platelet formation

Question 3

Filgrastim (G-CSF)

Answer 3

Granulocyte formation (marrow recovery)

Question 4

Sargramostim (GM-CSF)

Answer 4

Granulocyte and macrophage recovery

Question 5

MOPP

Answer 5

Mechlorethamine- alkylating agent; Oncovin= inhibitor of microtubules; Procarbazine- alkylating agent; Prednisone- apoptosis inducer

Question 6

MOPP Toxicity

Answer 6

Bone marrow suppression, allergic reaction, infertility, high risk of acute leukemia

Question 7

ABVD

Answer 7

Adriamycin-topoisomerase inhibitor; Bleomicin-free radical producer; Vinblastine- microtubule inhibitor; Dacarbazine-alkylating agent

Question 8

ABVD Toxicity

Answer 8

Hair loss, N/V, myelosuppression, neuropathy

Question 9

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Answer 9

HYPERKALEMIA (cardiac conduction), HYPERPHOSPHOTEMIA (renal precipitates), HYPOCALCEMIA (renal precipitate, tetany, myopathy), Hyperuricemia/uricosuria (acute uric acid nephropathy)

Question 10

antimetabolites (CCS)

Answer 10

Folate antagonists; pyrimidine analogs; Purine analogs: S phase specific

Question 11

Folate antagonists

Answer 11

Methotrexate; Pemetrexed; 5-Fluorouracil; Capecitabine

Question 12

Methotrexate

Answer 12

ALL; breast cancer; AE: reversible suppression of bone marrow (treated with Leucovorin Rescue); MOA: Reduced folate carrier brings it into the cell uses FPGS enzyme to remain in cells

Question 13

Pemetrexed

Answer 13

Lung Cancer; AE: reversible suppression of bone marrow (treated with Leucovorin Rescue MOA: Same as methotrexate but does not use FPGS enzyme

Question 14

5-flourouracil

Answer 14

Carcinomas of GI; breast cancer; AE: coronary atherosclerosis, alopecia, thrombophlebitis MOA: blocks thymidylate synthase (converts dUMP to dTMP)

Question 15

Capecitabine

Answer 15

Metastatic colorectal cancer AE: coronary atherosclerosis, alopecia, thrombophlebitis MOA: blocks thymidylate synthase (converts dUMP to dTMP)

Question 16

Leucovorin Rescue

Answer 16

active form of vitamin D complexed with folate; enters normal cells but not cancer cells. used with MTX

Question 17

Cytarabine (Ara-C)

Answer 17

Pyrimidine analog: liquid tumors; AE myelosuppression

Question 18

6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP)

Answer 18

Purine analog: liquid tumors; AE myelosuppression

Question 19

Alkylating Agents (NCCS)

Answer 19

Nitrogen Mustards: Nitrosoureas: Platinum compounds: Trazenes
Directly modifies DNA double helix (add alkyl group to DNA)

Question 20

Nitrogen Mustard

Answer 20

Cylophosphamide, mechlorethamine, Chlorambucil

Question 21

Cyclophasphamide

Answer 21

NHL, ovarian and breast cancer Must be converted in the liver (p-450) AE: bone marrow suppression and Hemorrhagic cystitis

Question 22

Busulfan

Answer 22

CML AE: pulmonary fibrosis and hyperpigmentation

alkyl sulfonate

Question 23

Chlorambucil

Answer 23

CML AE: bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity

Question 24

Nitrosoureas

Answer 24

Brain Tumors (very permeable to BBB); Carmustine, Lomustine, Semustine

Question 25

Nitrogen Mustards and Nitrosoureas toxicity

Answer 25

Hematopoietic (Granulocyte and platelet suppression); GI (n/v); Gonadal damage (disappearance of testicular germ cells-potentially reversible, amenorrhea-irreversible); Alopecia

Question 26

Platinum Compounds

Answer 26

``` Cisplatinum, carboplatinum, oxaliplatin, tetraplatin Testicular Cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer Toxicity Renal (ATN), ototoxicity (tinnitus), GI (severe nausea associated w/ chemo trigger zone) ```

Question 27

Triazenes

Answer 27

Methylate DNA, Procarbazine, dacarbazine Hodgkin lymphoma, Brain tumors, melanoma Toxicity: bone marrow suppression, sterility, immunosuppression

Question 28

Doxorubicin

Answer 28

Topoisomerase II inhibitor, Intercalates in DNA and produces free radicals. (Red Devil) Hogkin Lymphoma (ABVD), Breast Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, Lung Cancer, Ovarian Cancer AE: cardiotoxicity

Question 29

Etoposide

Answer 29

Binds topoisomerase II Lung Cancer, Testicular Cancer, Leukemia AE: BMS

Question 30

Bleomycin

Answer 30

Antibiotic, Binds DNA and chelates Iron and generates free radicals, works in G2 phase Hodgkin Lymphoma (ABVD), Testicular Cancer AE: Pulmonary Fibrosis

Question 31

Prednisone

Answer 31

Triggers apoptosis CLL, Hodgkin Lymphoma (MOPP) AE: cushings

Question 32

Plant alkaloids

Answer 32

Vinca alkaloids, Taxanes | Inhibit normal microtubule functioning

Question 33

Vincristin (MOPP) and vinblastin (ABVD)

Answer 33

Blocks polymerization of microtubles, M-phase specific Hodgkin Lymphoma, Wilms Tumor, Choriocarcinoma, Neuroblastoma AE: Neurotoxicity, Paralytic ileus, BMS

Question 34

Paclitaxel, Docetaxel

Answer 34

Stabilize tubulin Ovarian cancer, Local breast cancer (adjuvant), met breast cancer, non-small cell lung, Prostate cancer

Question 35

Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors

Answer 35

Monoclonal antibodies or small molecules

Question 36

Imatinib

Answer 36

BCR-ABL CML, also for gastric carcinoma c-KIT and PDGFR-Alpha

Question 37

Dasatinib

Answer 37

New generation of Imatinib