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PHS 3300 > Cardiac pt 3 > Flashcards

Cardiac pt 3 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

describe the alteration of chamber compliance for all 3 cardiomyopathies

A

dilated - inc
hyper - dec (LV mainly)dec
restric - dec (LV mainly)

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2
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

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3
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium

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4
Q

describe ASD

A

opening between the atria allowing blood to flow from LA to RA

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5
Q

what is coarctation of the aorta

A

narrowing of the aorta

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6
Q

what are some commonly used criteria to diagnose HF

A

dyspnea
crackles
pulm edema
S3 sound
tachycardia
cardiomegaly

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7
Q

what are the 4 parts of tetralogy of fallot

A

large VSD
pul stenosis
overriding aorta
RV hypertrophy

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8
Q

what is the end stage result of cardiomyopathies

A

low ejection fraction

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9
Q

is stenosis quick or does it take time to develop

A

develops slowly over years

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10
Q

what is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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11
Q

Valve Insufficiency

A

inability of a valve to close completely

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12
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of cardiomyopathies

A

dyspnea
orthopnea
low exercise tolerance
fatique
weakness
arrhytmia

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13
Q

what is the ejection fraction

A

the percentage of blood ejected vs what was in the LV

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14
Q

s2 sounds

A

closure of semilunar valves at end of systole

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15
Q

describe VSD

A

opening between the ventricles allowing blood to flow from LV to RV

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16
Q

what experiences hypertrophy with mitral stenosis

A

LA

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17
Q

diasoltic HF has what effect on EF

A

equal or above 50%

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18
Q

what side HF leads to RV hypertrophy

A

left side

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19
Q

Heart sound: closure of semilunar valves at end of systole

A

S2 sound

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20
Q

higher ventricular wall tension leads to what with HF

A

myocyte growth
hypertrophy

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21
Q

what happens to the LA pressure with aortic regurgitation

A

it increases

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22
Q

what are the 4 acyanotic defects

A

ASD
VSD
Coarctation of the aorta
PDA

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23
Q

describe LV contractility with aortic stenosis

A

it goes down

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24
Q

describe trucus arteriosus

A

aorta and PA are one vesel that recives blood from both sides of the heart

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25
increases LA pressure with mitral stenosis has what affect on the LA
dilation leading to fibrilation and palpations
26
what is a normal EF
60-80%
27
what does the baroreceptor response do for HF
inc HR inc contractility
28
what HF leads to pulmonary congestion
Left side
29
what are the cyanotic defects
tetralogy of fallot transpotion of the great arteries truncus arteriosus
30
restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by
a stiff fibrotic ventircles
31
what is a common cause of systolic HF
MI
32
why is there reduced contractility with systolid HF
loss of cardiomyocytes
33
describe the alteration of chamber volume for all 3 cardiomyopathies
dilated - volume inc hyper - vol dec (LV mainly) restric - normal to dec
34
inflammation of the pericardium
pericarditis
35
S1 heart sounds
closure of AV valves at start of systole
36
what are 4 characteristics of myocarditis
left ventricular dysfunction edematous heart muscle normal endocardial structures dilation of all 4 chambers
37
what does trucus arteriosus cause
inc pul blood flow pul HTN and RV hypertophy
38
Heart sound: closure of AV valves at start of systole
S1 sound
39
what are sdome clinical manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy
general chest pain jugular vein distension edema pulm congestion
40
what doe sthe RAAS activation do for HF
retains fluid inc preload
41
secondary cardiomyopathy
known cause and usually seend in the context of disorders taht affect the heart and other organs
42
what is the becks triad
3 classic signs with pericardial disease
43
pericardial effusion
accumulation of non-inflammatory fluid in the pericardial cavity
44
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is due to what
autosomal dominant disorder (cardiac sarcomere protein mutatiosn0
45
what is a clinical manifestation fo coarctation of the aorta
low pressure in the legs
46
primary cardiomyopathy
confined to the myocardium
47
cardiomyopathy
non-inflammatory disease of heart muscle
48
what are some causes of primary cardiomyopathy
myocardial disorders - HTN, ischemic, congenital, valvular, pericardial, inflammatory
49
what does PDA cause
inc pul blood flow inc pul venous return to LA and LV - inc workload pul HTN - right side HF
50
what effect does pericardial effusion have on the heart
the fluid compresses the heart and it cannot expand to fill - lowers CO and highers HR
51
what does ASD cause
RA and RV enlargement
52
describe the alteration of myocardial contractility for all 3 cardiomyopathies
dilated - dec (LV) hyper - normal restric - none
53
myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling results from
chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension
54
decreased CO with HF leads to what
dec tissue perfusion
55
accumulation of non-inflammatory fluid in the pericardial cavity
pericardial effusion
56
what are some causes of secondary cardiomyopathy
inherited disorders disease toxin exposure nutritional deficiencies etc
57
what are the 3 parts of becks triad
hypotension distended neck veins muffled heart sounds
58
what are two main causes of diastolic HF
CAD and HTN
59
heart murmurs causes
turbulent blood flow
60
what is dilated cardiomyopathy most commonly due to
ischemic heart disease or valvular disease
61
how is CO affected with aortic stenosis
its decreased
62
How does aortic stenosis affect LV pressure
increases it (more effort to push blood through
63
Stenosis
failure of the valve to open competely
64
what does VSD cause
inc pulmonary flow pulm HTN
65
describe transpotion of the great arteries
aorta arises from RV pulmonary artery arises from LV
66
what can coarctation of the aorta lead to in the left ventricle
LV HTN and hypertrophy
67
what are the 3 kinds of cardiomyopathy
dilated hypertrophic restricitve
68
what are the two most important risk fators for heart failures
HTN ischemic heart disease
69
describe PDA
ductus arteriosus doesnt close, allows blood to go from aorta to pulmonary artery
70
systolic HF has what result on EF and CO
Ef under 40% lower CO
71
what is the RAAS used for
to increase BP
72
what HF leads to systemic congestion
right side
73
describe the eventual cardiovascular event for all 3 cardiomyopathies
dilated - left HF hyper - left HF restric - right heart failiure
74
what are some clinical manifestions of myocarditis
pain/tightness in chest dyspnea/fatigue with light exercise palpitations/irregular heart rythym

PHS 3300 (19 decks)

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