Cardiac pt 4

Question 1

what is the progressive stage of shock

Answer 1

compensatory mechanisms no longer enough to sustain adequate perfusion to tissues

Question 2

what are the three things that can cause hypovolemic shock

Answer 2

hemorrahage
burns (plasma loss)
interstitual fluid loss via emesis, dieuresis, diaphoresis, diarrhea etc

Question 3

what are some clinical manifestations of atrial flutter and fibrillation

Answer 3

typically asymptomatic unless ventricular response is affected

Question 4

atrial fibrillation

Answer 4

completely disorganized and irregular atrial rhythem + irregular ventricular rhythm

Question 5

first degree heart block

Answer 5

prolonged PR interval - takes longer between start of atria depolar and ventric depolar

Question 6

what are the 3 stages of shock

Answer 6

compensatory
progressive
refractory

Question 7

what do PVCs do

Answer 7

depolarize the ventricle without affecting the atria or SA node

Question 8

how would atrial impulses appear with atrial fibirllation

Answer 8

small squiggly waves of various sizes and shapes

Question 9

what is distributive shock characterized by

Answer 9

excessive vasodilation and perioheral pooling of blood

Question 10

what is atrial flutter

Answer 10

rapid atrial rate of 04-350bpm

Question 11

what are the clinical manifestations of hypovolemic shock

Answer 11

thirst
inc HR
cool clammy skin
dec art BP
oliguria
confusion

Question 12

third degree heart block

Answer 12

no impulses conducted from atria to ventricle

Question 13

hypovolemic shock

Answer 13

loss of blood volume

Question 14

when does hypovolemic shock start to develop

Answer 14

when intravasculr volume has decreased by about 15 percent

Question 15

what can alter the acid-base balance of the blood with the progressive stage of shcok

Answer 15

lactate productiion from anaerobic metabolism

Question 16

name 2 causes of disorders of impulse formation

Answer 16

dysfunction of the SA node
development of abnormal electrical activity somewhere else in the heart

Question 17

what is the progressive stage of shock marked by

Answer 17

hypotension and marked tissue hypoxia

Question 18

what are the 4 kinds of shock

Answer 18

cardiogenic
obstructive
hypovolemic
distributive

Question 19

what has the sawtooth pattern of atrial depolarization

Answer 19

atrial flutter

Question 20

cardiogenic shock

Answer 20

cardiac dysfunction causing hypotension and lack of tissue perfusion

Question 21

what is ventricular fibrillation

Answer 21

rapid uncoordinated cardiac rhythm - no effetive contraction

Question 22

second degree heart block

Answer 22

some p wves are not conducted to the ventricles

Question 23

why is the CO inadequate in distributive shock

Answer 23

due to reduced preload

Question 24

a lack of atp with progressive stage of shock leads to waht

Answer 24

cell swelling, dysfunction and death

Question 25

neurogenic shock

Answer 25

loss of sympathetic activation of arteriolar SM

Question 26

what are the three forms of distributive shock

Answer 26

anaphylactic neurogenic septic

Question 27

what does obstructive shock manifest as

Answer 27

right side HF

Question 28

name some causes of disorders of impulse conduction

Answer 28

inherited abnormalities ischemia infection disease meds injury from surgery

Question 29

septic shock

Answer 29

sever systemic inflammatory response to infection

Question 30

what is the compensatory stage of shock

Answer 30

homeostatic mechanisms are enough to maitain adequate tissue perfusion

Question 31

what two things occur during the compensatory stage of shock

Answer 31

baroreceptor activation - activates SNS RAAS activates to inc BP

Question 32

what is the refractory stage of shock

Answer 32

vascular system failure leading to widespread vasodilation

Question 33

what does obstructive shock result from

Answer 33

mechanical obstructions that prevent effective cardiac filling and stroke volume

Question 34

anaphylactic shock

Answer 34

excessive mast cell degranulation mediated by IgE antibodies in response to antigen

Question 35

dysrhythmia

Answer 35

disturbance of heart rhythm affecting impulse formation or conduction

Question 36

what is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock

Answer 36

acute MI severe episode of myocardial ischemia

Question 37

what causes organ failure in the refractory shock

Answer 37

release of inflammatory mediators plus vessel oclusion

Question 38

where do premature ventricular complexes arise

Answer 38

ventricular myocardium

Question 39

what are the clinical manifestations of cardiogenic shock

Answer 39

end-stage heart failure-cyanosis low MAP and SBP due to lower SV