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PHS 3300 > Respiratory pt 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory pt 2 Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

what kind of tests are rapid antigen tests

A

viral tests

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2
Q

what type of pneumonia is typically mild but will progress rapidly and can be fatal in children

A

viral pneumonia

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3
Q

what covid strain:
mutation that increase transmissibility
-prominant 2021 strain

A

delta

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4
Q

What is enterovirus D68

A

a typically mild and cold-like disease that can progress to something more serious like muscle weakness+flaccid paralysis due to spinal cord inflammation

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5
Q

what is a hypercoaguable state

A

when your blood is more likely to clot

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6
Q

what is the most common cause of croup

A

parainfluenza virus

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7
Q

what causes the airway to narrow with croup

A

subglottic inflammation and edema

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8
Q

obstructive or restrictive:
tuberculosis

A

restrictive/infectious

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9
Q

describe the pathophysiology of bacterial pneumonia

A

acute inflmmatory response leads to water+plasma proteins to lower lung lobes

causes rbcs, fibrin and plymorhonuclear leukocytes to infiltrate alveoli

build up of these is a medium for the spread and proliferation of bacteria

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10
Q

how does covid 19 replicate

A

in alveolar epithelial cells - destroying them

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11
Q

obstructive or restrictive:
viral pneumonia

A

restrictive/infectious

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12
Q

what is a barking cough associated with

A

croup

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13
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

continued bronchial inflammation + increase in productive cough/dyspnea

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14
Q

obstructive or restrictive:
covid 19

A

restricitve/infectious

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15
Q

what does the ENaC channel do

A

reabsorbs sodium into cells

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16
Q

how does a dysfunctional CFTR affect sodium reabsorption

A

a normal CFTR would inhibit the reabsorption, but a faulty one does NOT inhibit ENaC

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17
Q

why can aspiration pneumonia be associated with bacterial pneumonia

A

because aspiring water in a near drowning incident will have lots of bacteria in it

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18
Q

are men fully infertile in CF

A

yes, they still produce sperm but it cant get through the vas deferens

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19
Q

what ribonuclease can be used to treat CF

A

dornase alfa

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20
Q

obstructive or restrictive:
Bronchiectasis

A

obstructive

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21
Q

obstructive or restrictive:
bacterial pneumonia

A

restrictive/infectious

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22
Q

what is pulmonary emphysema a late manifestation of

A

repeated inflammatory episodes of chronic bronchitis

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23
Q

what is bronchiectasis

A

permanent dilation and distortion of bronchi and bronchioles

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24
Q

what covid strain:
spike protein vaccinations that make vaccination less effective

A

beta

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25
what hurts the lung ventilation capacity with chronic bronchitis
excessive secretion of mucus that obstructs airways
26
how does breathing sound for someone with croup
varking cough stridor
27
what does COPD stand for
chronic obsturctive pulmonary disease
28
what is the most common upper respiratory obstruction in children
croup
29
obstructive or restrictive: pulmonary emphysema
obstructive
30
what is SARS
a coronaviral infection that rapidly developed into pneumonia
31
what is pulmonary emphysema
permanent enlargement of alveoli and deterioration of alveolar walls
32
what covid strain: spike protein mutated - antibody binding affected transmissibility up
alpha
33
what did the omicron strain change
easier transmission but less severe
34
what does pulmonary emphysema typically lead to
barrel chest
35
what is the most common chronic pulmonary disease
pulmonary emphysema
36
what are some symptoms of bronchiectasis
chronic productive cough dyspnea fever weight loss
37
what do covid antibody tests tell us
if you were ever infected
38
why does lower chloride secretion and higher sodium reabsorption cause thicker mucus
water follows solutes, if theres no solutes in the mucus, it'll leave and the mucus will be less dilute
39
what covid test tells us if we have ever been infected
antibody tests
40
2% of pulmonary emphysema are caused by:
genetic anti alpha trypsin
41
what causes bronchiectasis
breakdown of airway SM and CT due to chronic infection/inflammation
42
what is chronic bronchitis typically due to
long term exposure to irritants
43
what is dornase alfa used to treat
Cystic fibrosis
44
why does Pul emphysema cause hypercapnia
destruction of alveolar walls makes it hard to transfer CO2 out of blood
45
definition of pneumonia
inflammation of respiratory unit tissues
46
what is a coronavirus
family of large single-stranded RNA viruses that have a lipid envelope with club shaped spike proteins
47
cystic fibrosis is rare in what populations
indigenous african canadian
48
what is an at home treatment for mild croup
steam inhalation - help move mucus/lubricate throat
49
what is legionnares disease
a bronchopneumonia caused by gram negative rod bacterium
50
is croup typically viral or bacterial
viral
51
name the 4 diagnostic criteria for CF
inc Na and Cl in sweat low panc enzymes in GI secretions chronic resp infections family history
52
what does a hypercoagulable state cause
thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
53
how do mRNA vaccines work
you inject mRNA with instructions to making the spike protein so that it is created by your own cells and you can make antibodies
54
what are the 5 main variants of COVID
alpha beta delta gamma omicron
55
what covid test tells us if we are currently infected
viral tests (rapid antigen)
56
what are teh two kinds of covid vaccines
mRNA viral vector vaccine
57
what are some risk factors for COPD
smoking family hisotyr lung irritants medical history (ie frequent resp illnesses as a kid)
58
what disease is known as the "blue bloater"
chronic bronchitis
59
what kind of enzyme is dornase alfa
ribonuclease
60
what causes cystic fibrosis
a faulty CFTR protein
61
what makes alveoli more vulnerable to expiratory collapse (pulmonary emphysema)
undermined support structure for airways due to alveolar destructin
62
is the incidence of bronchiectasis inc or dec? why
decreasing more effective treatment of other resp illnesses
63
TB bacteria are walled off in fibrous/calcified things known as
tubercles granulomas
64
are women fully infertile in CF
no, theyre less fertile though
65
what covid strain: 3 spike protein mutations - increase attachment to human cells but less transmissible
gamma
66
what bacteria causes tuberculosis
mycobacterium tuberculosis
67
what are some management ideas for chronic bronchitis
bronchodilators flu/pneumonia/COVID vaccines quitting smoking
68
what do viral covid test tell us
if you are currently infected
69
obstructive or restrictive: cystic fibrosis
obstructive
70
what did the alpha strain change
spike protein mutated - antibody binding affected transmissibility up
71
what did the gamma strain change
spike protein mutations - increase attachment to human cells but less transmissible
72
what causes a hypercoagulable state with covid 19
endothelial cell injuries that prevent them to promote vasodilation, fibrinolysis and inhibit aggregation
73
what is so concerning about pulmonary emphysema
there are no symptoms until the disease progresses
74
what are the characteristics of cystic fibrosis
over secretion of viscous mucus that clogs resp system + increases risk of infections
75
what 3 things cause infection with bacterial pneumonia
decreased bactericidal ability of alveolar macrophages extreme virulence of bacteria increased susceptibility of host
76
what disease would you find a prolonged expiration phase in
pulmonary emphysema
77
what is Legionnaires disease caused by
gram negative rod bacterium
78
hoe does the viral vector vaccine work
you extract genetic material of the spike protein and attach it to an unrelated harmless virus. inject that and it will replicate and you can make antibodies
79
what did the delta strain change
mutation that increase transmissibility
80
obstructive or restrictive: croup
restrictive./infectious
81
pancreatic insufficiency from CF results in what
weird stools malnutrition abdominal pain
82
what antibiotics are used together to treat TB
isoniazid rfampin
83
what did the beta strain change
spike protein vaccinations that make vaccination less effective
84
what covid strain: easier transmission but less severe
Omicron
85
what does dornase alfa do
digest DNA released by lysed cells
86
what are some common viruses that cause viral pneumonia
chickenpox adenovirus influenza
87
what bacteria tends to cause bacterial pneumonia
streptococcus pneumoniae
88
what is typically the cause of death with COVID 19
multi-organ failiure
89
what drugs can help croup
corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
90
how does digesting DNA released by lysed cells help CF patients
it reduces mucus viscosity
91
what causes barrel chest
air trapped in alveoli (pulmonary emphysema)
92
how does active disease with TB occur
if a tubercule breaks
93
how does a dysfunctional CFTR affect chloride secretion
it reduces the secretion
94
how to prevent bronchiectasis
reduce risk measures for other resp illnesses (asthma, bronchitits) immunization antibiotics
95
what are some clinical manifestations of bacterial pneumonia
fever tachypnea cough rust colour sputum chest pain
96
what are the initial symptoms of TB
nothing or mild bronchopneumonia
97
obstructive or restrictive: chronic bronchitis
obstructive
98
do the lungs return to normal between exacerbations in COPD
no
99
why does viscous mucus increase risk of infections
its a breeding ground for bacteria and if you aren't moving it around, you're allowing stagnant bacteria in your lungs
100
who is bacterial pneumonia deadly for
aged chronically ill immunosuppressed
101
what is the major concern of viral pneumonia
damage to terminal/respiratory bronchioles
102
what is the most consistent factor in hospital aquired pneumonia
tracheal intubation
103
what race is more likely to develop cystic fibrosis
caucasians
104
what is the main destructive effect of pulmonary emphysema
loss of elastic recoil of lungs

PHS 3300 (19 decks)

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