cardiac vessel

Question 1

What are varicose veins?

Answer 1

Distend, torturous, palpable veins

Question 2

What causes varicose veins?

Answer 2

Damage to one or more valves of the saphenous veins- causes blood to not move back up effectively due to gravity and open valves

Question 3

Who is at risk for varicose veins?

Answer 3

age, female gender, family history, obesity, pregnancy, DVT, and previous leg injury

Question 4

Where are varicose veins most often located?

Answer 4

saphenous veins in the legs

Question 5

Deep vein thrombosis - definition

Answer 5

blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the leg

Question 6

Deep vein thrombosis - who is at risk

Answer 6

older adults, heart failure, post operative patients, prolonged immobility, pregnancy, taking birthcontrol/ hormone replacement therapy, recent trauma

Question 7

Deep vein thrombosis - most common location

Answer 7

back of leg

Question 8

Differences between veins and arteries

Answer 8

veins bring blood back to the heart, less muscular, have valves ; arteries bring blood from heart to tissues, thicker muscular walls, more flexible

Question 9

Hypertension

Answer 9

Systolic > 140 OR Diastolic > 90

Question 10

Orthostatic hypertension

Answer 10

when the systolic BP drops by > 20mmHg or diastolic drops by > 10mmHg after standing- causes lightheadedness, dizziness. the bodys normal compensation for the sudden decrease in BP are inadequate

Question 11

Primary hypertension

Answer 11

where there is no known cause

Question 12

Secondary hypertension

Answer 12

caused by an underlying disease

Question 13

Causes of primary hypertension

Answer 13

genetics/stress/alcohol intake/diabetes/sodium or water retention

Question 14

Hypertensive crisis

Answer 14

BP > 180/120, rapid progression

Question 15

Complications of hypertensive crisis

Answer 15

tachycardic, increased arteriol pressure, more fluid in interstitial space (edema/enceph.)

Question 16

Common causes of secondary hypertension

Answer 16

kidney disease, adrenal tumours, medications

Question 17

Why is hypertension the silent killer?

Answer 17

because it is asymptomatic but still causing damage to the body

Question 18

Hypotension

Answer 18

Systolic < 90 OR Diastolic < 60

Question 19

Symptoms of hypotension

Answer 19

consistent low, dizzy, nausea, fatigue, blurry vision, sleeping, coma, clammy skin, depression

Question 20

Causes of hypotension

Answer 20

pregnancy, blood loss, decreased circulation, anaphalactsis, infections, diabetes, thyroid and andrenal gland

Question 21

Aneurysm

Answer 21

dialation or outpouching of vessel wall, asymptomatic till it ruptures

Question 22

Types of aneurysms

Answer 22

True, dissecting, false

Question 23

Common location of aneurysms

Answer 23

Thoracic or abdominal area

Question 24

Types of embolism

Answer 24

Dislodged thrombus, Bolus of air, amniotic fluid, fat, bacteria, and foreign body

Question 25

Buerger's Disease - definition

Answer 25

peripheral arteries occluded, experience pain, rubor, dialated capillaries. skin is shiny and thin snd hte nails are thick ad deformed

Question 26

Buerger's Disease - who is at risk

Answer 26

smokers, older population

Question 27

Raynaud Phenomenon - definition

Answer 27

attacks of vasospasm in the small arteries and arterioles of fingers. change in skin colour, senasation- cause pallor, numbness, sensation of coldness

Question 28

Raynaud Phenomenon - who is at risk

Answer 28

younger population

Question 29

Atherosclerosis definition

Answer 29

plaque formation

Question 30

Arteriosclerosis definition

Answer 30

thickening of artery walls

Question 31

Intermittent claudication - definition

Answer 31

build up of plaque in the periphery

Question 32

Intermittent claudication - symptoms

Answer 32

gradual pain with ambutation, have to sit down after activity due to artery weakness