neuro 3 Flashcards
(35 cards)
ischemic stroke - definition
Obstruction of blood flow to the brain caused by a thrombus, embolus, or hypoperfusion –decreased blood volume or heart failure. Decreased blood flow causes ischemia and can cause infarction – death of tissue.
ischemic stroke - who is at risk?
High blood pressure, diabetes, smoking habits, high cholesterol, obesity, and a family history of stroke. Other risk factors include age, heart disease, and previous transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).
hypoperfusion stroke - definition
Inadequate or decreased blood flow to the brain, caused by carotid artery perfusion.
transient ischemic attack (TIA) - definition
Warning, not fully blocked off and symptoms will diminish if controlled.
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) - Signs & symptoms
Weakness, numbness, sudden confusion, loss of balance, or sudden severe headache – resolves within an hour.
why is a transient attack at risk for if not treated?
It will result in a full ischemic stroke within 6 months if left untreated.
What is the difference between a thrombotic stroke and an embolic stroke?
A thrombotic stroke is a clot that forms at the site of occlusion - can be over long period of time, embolic is a clot or other material that forms elsewhere and travels to the site of occlusion.
Types of embolus
Fat, air, blood, tumor, bacteria, foreign body.
FAST
Face, Arms, Speech, Timing.
hemorrhagic stroke - definition
Brain bleed.
hemorrhagic stroke - cause
Intracranial aneurysm, arteriosclerosis, cocaine, trauma, inflammation, AV malformation.
hemorrhagic stroke - signs & symptoms
Vasospasms, headaches.
who is at risk for a hemorrhagic stroke?
Those with AV malformation.
Define an arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
Malformed capillary beds, congenital defect.
arteriovenous malformation - signs & symptoms
Chronic headache, 50% will have seizures.
subarachnoid hemorrhage - definition
Escape of blood from a damaged or injured vessel into the subarachnoid space.
subarachnoid hemorrhage - signs & symptoms
Early – headache, changes in mental status or LOC, nausea or vomiting. Ruptured – sudden throbbing, explosive headache with nausea and vomiting, visual disturbances, motor deficits, decreased LOC, neck stiffness, photophobia, blurred vision due to meningeal irritation.
what is controlled in Wernicke’s area?
Understanding/comprehension of speech.
what is controlled in Broca’s area?
Production of speech.
symptoms of a left sided stroke
Right sided weakness, speech problems, affected field of vision, depression and cautious behaviour.
symptoms of a right sided stroke
Left sided weakness, left sided neglect, field of vision (depth perception), poor body part recognition, depression and increased impulsivity.
symptoms of a stroke in the cerebellum
Gait, dizzy, headache, N/V.
symptoms of a stroke in the brainstem
Respiratory and cardiac symptoms, poor temperature control, balance, weakness, dysphasia, vision, coma/death.
symptoms of a migraine headache
Aura or not, pain, nausea (long term symptoms).
