Cardiovascular 1 Flashcards
(162 cards)
1
Q
Drug class for Isosorbide dinitrate
A
vasodilator: nitrates
2
Q
MoA for Isosorbide dinitrate
A
smooth muscle dilation of arteries & veins
3
Q
Indications for Isosorbide dinitrate
A
frequent stable angina, CHF
4
Q
SE/ADRs for Isosorbide dinitrate
A
HA, hypotension, tachycardia, rebound HTN
5
Q
Contra-indications for Isosorbide dinitrate
A
hypersensitivity
head trauma
severe dehydration
6
Q
Dx-Dx interactions for Isosorbide dinitrate
A
PDE-5 inhibitors
7
Q
Monitoring for Isosorbide dinitrate
A
chest pain, BP
8
Q
What is an off label use for Isosorbide denitrate?
A
esophageal spastic disorders
9
Q
Drug class for Nitroglycerin
A
vasodilators: nitrates
10
Q
MoA for Nitroglycerin
A
smooth muscle dilation of arteries & veins
11
Q
Indications for Nitroglycerin
A
angina, CHF
12
Q
SE/ADRs for Nitroglycerin
A
HA
hypotension
tachycardia
13
Q
Contra-indications for Nitroglycerin
A
hypersensitivity
head trauma
severe dehydration
14
Q
Dx-Dx interactions for Nitroglycerin
A
PDE-5 inhibitors
15
Q
Monitoring for Nitroglycerin
A
chest pain
16
Q
Drug class for Dihydropyridine: amlodipine
A
vasodilator: calcium channel blockers
17
Q
MoA for Dihydropyridine: amlodipine
A
vasodilation due to blocking calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle & myocardium
18
Q
Indications for Dihydropyridine: amlodipine
A
angina (chronic stable & vasospastic), HTN
19
Q
SE/ADRs for Dihydropyridine: amlodipine
A
nausea, palpitations
peripheral edema
elderly-hypotension
20
Q
Contra-indications for Dihydropyridine: amlodipine
A
hypersensitivity
21
Q
Dx-Dx interaction for Dihydropyridine: amlodipine
A
grapefruit juice
22
Q
Monitoring for Dihydropyridine: amlodipine
A
BP, chest pain
23
Q
PG category for Dihydropyridine: amlodipine
A
PG C, but avoid
24
Q
Drug class for Dihydropyridine: nifedipine
A
vasodilator: calcium channel blockers
25
MoA for Dihydropyridine: nifedipine
vasodilation due to blocking calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle & myocardium
26
Indications for Dihydropyridine: nifedipine
angina (chronic stable & vasospastic), HTN
27
SE/ADRs for Dihydropyridine: nifedipine
nausea, palpitations
peripheral edema
elderly-hypotension
28
Contra-indications for Dihydropyridine: nifedipine
hypersensitivity
29
Dx-Dx interactions for Dihydropyridine: nifedipine
grapefruit juice
30
Monitoring for Dihydropyridine: nifedipine
BP, chest pain
31
Drug class for Nondihydropuridine: diltiazem
vasodilator: calcium channel blockers
32
MoA for Nondihydropuridine: diltiazem
dilate coronary arteries & decrease myocardial oxygen demands
33
Indications for Nondihydropuridine: diltiazem
angina, HTN, A fib, A flutter, PSVT
34
SE/ADRs for Nondihydropuridine: diltiazem
edema, HA, dyspepsia
35
Contra-indications for Nondihydropuridine: diltiazem
bradycardia, SSS if no pacer
36
Dx-Dx interactions for Nondihydropuridine: diltiazem
grapefruit juice
37
Monitoring for Nondihydropuridine: diltiazem
BP, chest pain, LFTs
38
Drug class for Nondihydropuridine: verapamil
vasodilator: calcium channel blocker
39
MoA for Nondihydropuridine: verapamil
dilate coronary arteries & decrease myocardial oxygen demands
40
Indications for Nondihydropuridine: verapamil
angina, HTN, PSVT, A fib, A flutter
41
SE/ADRs for Nondihydropuridine: verapamil
HA, gingival hyperplasia, constipation, fatigue
42
Contra-indications for Nondihydropuridine: verapamil
bradycardia, SSS if not pacer
43
Dx-Dx interactions for Nondihydropuridine: verapamil
grapefruit juice
44
Monitoring for Nondihydropuridine: verapamil
chest pain, BP, LFTs
45
Drug class for Propranolol
beta blocks: nonselective (B1 & B2)
46
MoA for Propranolol
adrenergic B1 & B2 receptor inhibitor; reduction in myocardial oxygen demand
47
Indications for Propranolol
angina, HTN, tachy arrhythmias, essential tremor, migraine PX, anxiety
48
SE/ADRs for Propranolol
fatigue, sleep, disturbance, depression
49
Contra-indications for Propranolol
hypersensitivity, bradycardia, heart block, uncompensated heart failure, severe depression, bronchospasm
50
Dx-Dx interactions for Propranolol
ethanol (may increase or decrease concentration)
51
Monitoring for Propranolol
BP, chest pain, HR, LFTs
52
Drug class for Metoprolol
beta blockers: selective (B1)
53
MoA for Metoprolol
selective B1 adrenergic receptor inhibitor
54
Indications for Metoprolol
angina, HTN, hemodynamically stable MI
55
SE/ADRs for Metoprolol
fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, bradycardia, rebound angina/HTN, hypotension
56
Contra-indications for Metoprolol
hypersensitivity, bradycardia, heart block, uncompensated heart failure, severe depression
57
Dx-Dx interactions for Metoprolol
multiple
58
Monitoring for Metoprolol
BP, HR, LFTs
59
Drug class for Atenolol
beta blockers: selective (B1)
60
MoA for Atenolol
selective B1 adrenergic receptor inhibitor
61
Indications for Atenolol
angina, HTN, hemodynamically stable post MI
62
SE/ADRs for Atenolol
fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, bradycardia, rebound angina/HTN
63
Contra-indications for Atenolol
hypersensitivity, bradycardia, heart block, uncompensated heart failure, severe depression
64
Dx-Dx interactions for Atenolol
multiple
65
Monitoring for Atenolol
BP, HR, eGFR
66
Drug class for Carvedilol
beta blockers: nonselective (B1, B2, & Alpha 1)
67
MoA for Carvedilol
mixed alpha, beta receptor inhibition
68
Indications for Carvedilol
angina (off label), HTN, stable HF, stable post-MI
69
SE/ADRs for Carvedilol
fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, bradycardia, rebound angina/HTN, hypotension
70
Contra-indications for Carvedilol
hypersensitivity, bradycardia, heart block, uncompensated heart failure, severe depression, bronchospasm, severe liver failure
71
Dx-Dx interactions for Carvedilol
multiple
72
Monitoring for Carvedilol
BP, HR, eGFR, LFTs
73
Drug class for Ranolazine
anti-anginal: miscellaneous
74
MoA for Ranolazine
inhibits inward Na channel in ischemic cardiac myocytes during depolarization thereby reducing Na/Ca exchange which relaxes cardiac muscle & reduces myocyte oxygen consumption
75
Indications for Ranolazine
chronic angina
76
SE/ADRs for Ranolazine
constipation, HA, hyperhidrosis, bradycarida, hypotensions, QT prolongation
77
Contra-indications for Ranolazine
- any degree of hepatic cirrhosis
- concurrent strong CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers
- not for acute angina
78
Dx-Dx interactions for Ranolazine
- CYP3A4 inhibitors (diltiazem, erythromycin, verpamil)
- P-glycoprotein inhibitors (cyclosporin)
- w/ Simvastatin max dose is 20mg/day
- grapefruit juice & St John's wort
79
Monitoring for Ranolazine
BP, HR, eGFR, LFTs
80
PG category for Ranolazine
PG C
81
Drug class for Aspirin
anti-platelet drug: COX-1 inhibitor
82
MoA for Aspirin
irreversible inactivation (via acetylation) of COX-1- inhibits synthesis of thromboxane A2, prevents platelet aggregation & vasoconstriction by thromboxane A2
83
Indications for Aspirin
secondary prophylaxis for MI, CVA
84
SE/ADRs for Aspirin
30% gastritis, dyspepsia, bleeding, tinnitus (high dose)
85
Contra-indications for Aspirin
hypersensitivity, nasal polyposis + bronchospasm
86
Dx-Dx interactions for Aspirin
other anticoagulants, NSAIDs
87
Monitoring for Aspirin
H&H, melana
88
Drug class for Clopidogrel
platelet ADP inhibitor
89
MoA for Clopidogrel
irreversibly blocks ADP receptor on platelets preventing platelet/fibrinogen binding & platelet aggregation
90
Indications for Clopidogrel
secondary prevention AMI, CVA, PAD
91
SE/ADRs for Clopidogrel
27% gastritis, abd pain, dyspepsia; thrombocytopenia, leukopenia (rare)
92
Contra-indications for Clopidogrel
active bleeding, hypersensitivity
93
Dx-Dx interactions for Clopidogrel
- other anti platelet or anticoags (increase)
- atorvastatin (decrease)
- macrolide abx (decrease)
- ginko biloba (increase)
94
Monitoring for Clopidogrel
H&H
95
PG category for Clopidogrel
no impact on PG metabolism
96
Drug class for Furosemide
diuretics: loop diuretics
97
MoA for Furosemide
inhibits Na/K/2Cl symporter in TAL of loop & distal tubule
98
Indications for Furosemide
edema secondary to CHF, renal failure, liver failure
99
SE/ADRs for Furosemide
hypotension, dehydration, hyperglycemia, incr then dec serum uric acid, electrolyte abnormalities, cholestatic jaundice
100
Contra-indications for Furosemide
hypersensitivity to sulfa
101
Dx-Dx interactions for Furosemide
increase impact of anti-HTN, lithium
| corticosteroids increase Furosemide impact
102
Monitoring for Furosemide
serum electrolytes, BUN, CrCl
103
Drug class for Torsemide
diuretics: loop diuretics
104
MoA for Torsemide
inhibits Na/K/2Cl symporter in TAL of loop & distal tubule
105
Indications for Torsemide
edema of cardiac, renal, hepatic failure
| HTN
106
SE/ADRs for Torsemide
constipation, diarrhea
107
Contra-indiciations for Torsemide
anuria, sulfa sensitivity
108
Dx-Dx interactions for Torsemide
other K+ wasting drugs
109
Monitoring for Torsemide
serum K, BP, daily wt, eGFR
110
PG Category for Torsemide
avoid
111
Drug class for Ethacrynic acid
diuretics: loop diuretics
112
MoA for Ethacrynic acid
inhibits Na/K/2Cl symporter in TAL of loop & distal tubule
113
Indications for Ethacrynic acid
edema secondary to CHF, renal failure, liver failure
114
SE/ADRs for Ethacrynic acid
hypotension, dehydration, hyperglycemia, incr then dec serum uric acid, electrolyte abnormalities, jaundice
115
Contra-indications for Ethacrynic acid
hypersensitivity, hx of severe water diarrhea w/ ethacrynic acid
116
Dx-Dx interactions for Ethacrynic acid
increase impact of anti-HTN, lithium
| corticosteroids increase Furosemide impact
117
Monitoring to Ethacrynic acid
serum electrolytes, BUN, CrCl, BP
118
PG Category for Ethacrynic acid
PG B
119
Drug class for Spironolactone
diuretics: aldosterone antagonists
120
MoA for Spironolactone
aldosterone receptor antagonist in distal rental tubule & blood vessels
121
Indications for Spironolactone
excessive aldosterone excretion or heart failure, HTN, hyokalemia, liver cirrhosis w/ edema or ascites, nephrotic syndrome
122
SE/ADRs for Spironolactone
ataxia, SJS, gynecomastia, amenorrhea, agranulocytosis, hepatotoxicity
123
Contra-indications for Spironolactone
anuria, acute renal insufficiency, hyperkalemia, Addison's disease
124
Dx-Dx interactions for Spironolactone
multiple
125
Monitoring for Spironolactone
serum K, eGFR, BP, daily wt, gynecomastia
126
PG Category for Spironolactone
avoid
127
Drug class for Eplerenone
diuretic: aldosterone antagonist
128
MoA for Eplerenone
more specific aldosterone receptor antagonist is kidney, heart, blood vessels, brain; reduces vascular & cardiac fibrosis
129
Indications for Eplerenone
excessive aldosterone excretion or heart failure, HTN, hypokalemia, liver cirrhosis w/ edema or ascites, nephrotic syndrome
130
Drug class for Captopril
vasodilators: ACE inhibitor
131
MoA for Captopril
competitive inhibitor of ACE prevention conversion of AT1 to AT2 decreasing vasoconstriction by A2 & decreases aldosterone secretion
132
Indications for Captopril
HTN, heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction after MI, diabetic neuropathy
133
Drug class for Lisinopril
vasodilators: ACE inhibitor
134
MoA for Lisinopril
competitive inhibitor of ACE prevention conversion of AT1 to AT2 decreasing vasoconstriction by A2 & decreases aldosterone secretion
135
Indications for Lisinopril
heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction
136
Drug class for Fosinopril
vasodilator: ACE inhibitor
137
MoA for Fosinopril
competitive inhibitor of ACE prevention conversion of AT1 to AT2 decreasing vasoconstriction by A2 & decreases aldosterone secretion
138
Indications for Fosinopril
heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction
139
Drug class for Losartan
vasodilators: angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
140
MoA for Losartan
selectively & competitively blocks AT1 & AT2 receptors
141
Indications for Losartan
HTN, diabetic neuropathy in T2DM, stroke risk reduction in HTN, LVH
142
Drug class for Hydralazine & Isosorbide dinitrate
direct-acting vasodilator
143
MoA for Hydralazine & Isosorbide dinitrate
direct acting ateriolar vasodilator
144
Indications for Hydralazine & Isosorbide dinitrate
adjunctive tx in HF, esp in Afro-Americans
145
Drug class for Digoxin
positive inotropic agents: cardiac glycosides
146
MoA for Digoxin
inhibits Na/K ATPase pump in myocardial cells promoting influx Ca leading to increased contractility; also direct suppressor of AV node decreasing ventricular rate
147
Indications for Digoxin
mild to moderate HF; A fib rate control
148
Drug class for Dobutamine
positive inotropic agents: B-agonists
149
MoA for Dobutamine
stimulates B1 adrenergic receptors increasing cardiac contractility & HR; little impact on B2 or alpha receptors
150
Indications for Dobutamine
short-term management of cardiac decompensation
151
Drug class for Milrinone
positive inotropic agents: PDE inhibitors
152
MoA for Milrinone
selective PDE inhibitor in cardiac & vascular tissue producing vasodilation & inotropic effects w/ little chronotropic activity
153
Indications for Milrinone
short-term IV therapy of acutely decompensated HF
154
Drug class for Nesiritide
miscellaneous: recombinant BNP
155
MoA for Nesiritide
increases intracellular GMP in vascular smooth muscle cells & endothelium resulting in smooth muscle relaxation reducing pulmonary capillary wedge pressure & systemic arterial pressure
156
Indications for Nesiritide
acutely decompensated HF w/ dyspnea at rest or w/ minimal activity
157
Drug class for Aliskiren
miscellaneous: direct renin inhibitor
158
MoA for Aliskiren
direct renin inhibitor prevention conversion of angiotensinogen to AT1 which reduces conversion to A2 producing arteriolar vasodilation
159
Indications for Aliskiren
HTN
160
Drug class for Ivabradine
miscellaneous: SA node If channel inhibitor
161
MoA for Ivabradine
selective & specific inhibition of If within SA node & prolonging diastolic depolarization & reducing HR
162
Indications for Ivabradine
-stable HR w/ EF less than 35%, in sinus rhythm w/ HR greater than 70, & are max tolerated doses on B-blocker or unable to take B-blocker
