Cardiovascular 2 Anti-hypertensives Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
Drug class for Propranolol
A
sympatholytics: peripheral adrenergic ‘r’ blockers-beta blockers
2
Q
MoA for Propranolol
A
adrenergic B1 & B2 receptor inhibitor: reduction in myocardial oxygen demand
3
Q
Indications for Propranolol
A
angina, HTN, tachyarrhythmias, essential tremor, migraine Px, anxiety
4
Q
SE/ADRs for Propranolol
A
fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression
5
Q
Contra-indications for Propranolol
A
hypersensitivity, bradycardia, heart block, uncompensated HF, severe depression, bronchospasm
6
Q
Dx-Dx interactions for Propranolol
A
ethanol (may increase or decrease conc)
7
Q
Monitoring for Propranolol
A
BP, chest pain, HR, LFTs
8
Q
What might Propranolol mask?
A
hypoglycemia
9
Q
Drug class for Metoprolol
A
sympatholytics: peripheral adrenergic ‘r’ blocker-beta blocker
10
Q
MoA for Metoprolol
A
selective B1 adrenergic receptor inhibitor
11
Q
Indications for Metoprolol
A
angina, HTN, hemodynamically stable post MI
12
Q
SE/ADRs for Metoprolol
A
fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, bradycardia, rebound angina/HTN, hypotension
13
Q
Contra-indications for Metoprolol
A
hypersensitivity, bradycardia, heart block, uncompensated heart failure, severe depression
14
Q
Dx-Dx interactions for Metoprolol
A
multiple
15
Q
Monitoring for Metoprolol
A
BP, HR, LFTs
16
Q
Drug class for Atenolol
A
sympatholytics: peripheral adrenergic ‘r’ blockers-beta blockers
17
Q
MoA for Atenolol
A
selective B1 adrenergic receptor inhibitor
18
Q
Indications for Atenolol
A
angina, HTN, hemodynamically stable post MI
19
Q
SE/ADRs for Atenolol
A
fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, bradycardia, rebound angina, HTN, hypotension
20
Q
Contra-indications for Atenolol
A
hypersensitivity bradycardia, heart block, uncompensated heart failure, severe depression
21
Q
Dx-Dx interactions for Atenolol
A
multiple
22
Q
Monitoring for Atenolol
A
BP, HR, eGFR
23
Q
Drug class for Prazosin
A
alpha-blocker
24
Q
MoA for Prazosin
A
selective alpha1 blocker which relaxes smooth muscle in arteries, veins, & prostate
25
Indications for Prazosin
HTN, off-label: PTSD, Raynaud's phenomenon
26
SE/ADRs for Prazosin
postural hypotension, nausea, drowsiness, syncope, palpitations, dizziness, 'floppy iris' syndrome
27
Contra-indications for Prazosin
orthostatic hypotension
28
Dx-Dx interactions for Prazosin
PDE-5 blockers (Tadalafil), anti-hypertensive meds
29
Monitoring for Prazosin
BP, BUN, eGFR, syncopal episodes
30
PG category for Prazosin
C but avoid
31
Drug class for Carvedilol
B1, B2, A1 blockers
32
MoA for Carvedilol
mixed alpha, beta receptor inhibitor
33
Indications for Carvedilol
angina (off label), HTN, stable HF, stable post MI
34
SE/ADRs for Carvedilol
fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, bradycardia, rebound angina/HTN, hypotension
35
Contra-indications for Carvedilol
hypersensitivity, bradycardia, heart block, uncompensated HF, severe depression, bronchospasm, severe liver failure
36
Dx-Dx interactions for Carvedilol
multiple
37
Monitoring for Carvedilol
BP, HR, eGFR, LFTs
38
Drug class for Clonidine
centrally acting A2 agonist
39
MoA for Clonidine
stimulates A2 receptors in brain stem which stimulates inhibitory neuron resulting in reduced sympathetic outflow from CNS which results in reduction in TPR
40
Indications for Clonidine
HTN (immediate release form), ADHD (extended release form), Narcotic addiction
41
SE/ADRs for Clonidine
bradycardia, drowsiness, HA, rash, xerostomia, weakness
42
Contra-indications for Clonidine
pre-existing CNS depression, severe CAD, caution in CKD, recent AMI, stroke
43
Dx-Dx interactions for Clonidine
meds altering AV/SA nodal function, ethanol
44
Monitoring for Clonidine
BP, mental status, HR
45
PG category for Clonidine
C but avoid
46
Drug class for Methyldopa
centrally acting A2 agonist
47
MoA for Methyldopa
central alpha-adrenergic inhibition decrease sympathetic outflow to heart, kidneys, peripheral vasculature
48
Indications for Methyldopa
HTN in PG
49
SE/ADRs for Methyldopa
depression, anxiety, dry mouth, hemolytic anemia, liver disease, edema
50
Contra-indications for Methyldopa
hepatic disease
51
Dx-Dx interactions for Methyldopa
MAO inhibitors
52
Monitoring for Methyldopa
LFT, CrCl, BP, eGFR
53
Drug class for Captopril, Lisinopril, Fosinopril
renin-angiotensin inhibitors: ACEI
54
MoA for Captopril, Lisinopril, Fosinopril
competitive inhibitor of ACE preventing conversion of A1 to A2, decreasing vasoconstriction by A2 & decreases aldosterone secretion
55
Indications for Captopril, Lisinopril, Fosinopril
HTN, HF, LV dysfunction after MI, diabetic nephropathy
56
SE/ADRs for Captopril, Lisinopril, Fosinopril
cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
57
Contra-indications for Captopril, Lisinopril, Fosinopril
hx angioedema, concurrent use of Aliskerin in diabetic patients, bilateral renal artery stenosis, PG; not w/ ARBs
58
Dx-Dx interactions for Captopril, Lisinopril, Fosinopril
don't use w/ ARBs, Aliskerin
59
Monitoring for Captopril, Lisinopril, Fosinopril
BP, serum, K+, eGFR, BUN, weight, CBC, liver function
60
PG category for Captopril, Lisinopril, Fosinopril
D
61
Drug class for Losartan
angiotensin receptor blockers: ARBs
62
MoA for Losartan
selectively & competitively blocks AT1 & AT2
63
Indications for Losartan
HTN, diabetic nephropathy in T2DM, stroke risk reduction in HTN, LVH
64
SE/ADRs for Losartan
esp in people w/ T2DM: chest pain, fatigue, hypoglycemia, diarrhea, UTI; hyperkalemia
65
Contra-indications for Losartan
not w/ Aliskerin or ACE inhibitors
66
Dx-Dx for Losartan
multiple (see contra-indications)
67
Monitoring for Losartan
BP, K+, eGFR, BUN, CBC, HR, wt
68
PG category for Losartan
do not use
69
What does Losartan increase the excretion of?
uric acid
70
Drug class for Aliskirin
direct renin inhibitor
71
MoA for Aliskirin
direct rening inhibitor that prevents conversion of angiotensinogen to AT1 which reduces conversion to AT2 producing arteriolar vasodilation
72
Indications for Aliskirin
HTN
73
SE/ADRs for Aliskirin
hyperkalemia, hypotension
74
Contra-indications for Aliskirin
don't use w/ ACEI's or ARB's, hereditary or prior angioedema, concomitant use w/ Itraconazole
75
Dx-Dx interactions for Aliskirin
decrease effect of Furosemide, NSAIDs decrease effect of Aliskirin, not w/ grapefruit juice
76
Monitoring for Aliskirin
BP, serum K+, BUN, serum creatinine
77
PG category for Aliskirin
PG D
78
Drug class for Amlodipine
vasodilator: CCB DHP
79
MoA for Amlodipine
vasodilation due to blocking Ca channels in vascular smooth muscle & myocardium
80
Indications for Amlodipine
angina (chronic stable & vasospastic), HTN
81
SE/ADRs for Amlodipine
nausea, palpitations, peripheral edema, elderly-hypotension
82
Contra-indications for Amlodipine
hypersensitivity
83
Dx-Dx interactions for Amlodipine
grapefruit juice
84
Monitoring for Amlodipine
BP, chest pain
85
Drug class for Nifedipine
vasodilator: CCB DHP
86
MoA for Nifedipine
vasodilation due to blocking Ca channels in vascular smooth muscle & myocardium
87
Indications for Nifedipine
angina (chronic stable & vasospastic), HTN
88
SE/ADRs for Nifedipine
nausea, HA, palpitations, peripheral edema, elderly-hypotension
89
Contra-indications for Nifedipine
hypersensitivity
90
Dx-Dx interactions for Nifedipine
grapefruit juice
91
Monitoring for Nifedipine
BP, chest pain
92
Drug class for Diltiazem
vasodilators: CCB NDHP
93
MoA for Diltiazem
dilate coronary arteries & decrease myocardial oxygen demands
94
Indications for Diltiazem
angina, HTN, A fib, A flutter, PSVT
95
SE/ADRs for Diltiazem
edema, HA, dyspepsia
96
Contra-indications for Diltiazem
bradycardia, SSS if no pacer
97
Dx-Dx interactions for Diltiazem
grapefruit juice
98
Monitoring for Diltiazem
BP, chest pain, LFTs
99
Drug class for Verapamil
vasodilators: CCB NDHP
100
MoA for Verapamil
dilate coronary arteries & decrease myocardial oxygen demands
101
Indications for Verapamil
angina, HTN, A fib, A flutter, PSVT
102
SE/ADRs for Verapamil
HA, gingival hyperplasia, constipation, fatigue
103
Contra-indications for Verapamil
bradycardia, SSS if no pacer
104
Dx-Dx interactions for Verapamil
grapefruit juice
105
Monitoring for Verapamil
BP, chest pain, LFTs
106
NDHP CCBs (Diltiazem & Verapamil) should not be used in combo with?
beta blockers
107
Drug class for Hydralazine
vasodilator: direct acting
108
MoA for Hydralazine
direct acting arteriolar vasodilator
109
Indications for Hydralazine
urgent to emergent BP reduction; preclampsia & eclampsia
110
SE/ADRs for Hydralazine
angina, orthostatic hypotension, depression, peripheral neuritis, SLE-like syndrome
111
Contra-indications for Hydralazine
mitral valve rheumatic heart disease, CAD
112
Dx-Dx interactions for Hydralazine
anti-hypertensive meds
113
Monitoring for Hydralazine
BP, HR, CBC, ANA
114
PG category for Hydralazine
PG C but avoid if possible
115
Drug class for HCTZ
diuretics: thiazides
116
MoA for HCTZ
Na-Cl symporter inhibition in DCT increasing Na & Cl excretion max 5% of filtered NaCl
117
Indications for HCTZ
HTN, edema in nephrotic syndrome, lithium induced diabetes insipidus (off label)
118
SE/ADRs for HCTZ
rare vertigo, anorexia, nausea, photosensitivity, QT prolongation, hypokalemia
119
Contra-indications for HCTZ
sulfa sensitivity, hypersensitivity
120
Dx-Dx interactions for HCTZ
beta blockers increase risk of hyperglycemia, may decrease renal excretion Li; NSAIDs
121
Monitoring for HCTZ
serum K+, glucose, BP
122
Drug class for Chlorthalidone
diuretics: 'thiazide-like'
123
MoA for Chlorthalidone
Na-Cl symporter inhibition in DCT increasing Na & Cl excretion max 5% of filtered NaCl
124
Indications for Chlorthalidone
HTN, edema in nephrotic syndrome, lithium induced diabetes insipidus (off label)
125
SE/ADRs for Chlorthalidone
rare vertigo, anorexia, nausea, photosensitivity; QT prolongation, hypokalemia
126
Contra-indications for Chlorthalidone
sulfa sensitivity, hypersensitivity
127
Dx-Dx interactions for Chlorthalidone
beta blockers increase risk of hyperglycemia, may decrease renal excretion Li; NSAIDs
128
Monitoring for Chlorthalidone
serum K+, glucose, BP
129
Drug class for Triamterene
diuretic adjunct: K+ sparing
130
MoA for Triamterene
direct inhibitor of Na influx in DCT & CCT
131
Indications for Triamterene
hypokalemia
132
SE/ADRs for Triamterene
hypotension, edema, constipation, dyspnea, hyperkalemia
133
Contra-indications for Triamterene
hypersensitivity, hyperkalemia
134
Dx-Dx interactions for Triamterene
other K+ retaining drugs
135
Monitoring for Triamterene
serum electrolytes, CrCl, BUN
