GI Flashcards
(152 cards)
1
Q
Drug class for Loperamide
A
anti-diarrheal
2
Q
MoA for Loperamide
A
inhibition of presynaptic cholinergic nerves in colonic submucosal & myenteric plexus slows transit time
3
Q
Indications for Loperamide
A
mild-moderate diarrhea w/out obstructions, IBD, IBS
4
Q
Drug class for Kaolin-Pectin
A
anti-diarrheal
5
Q
MoA for Kaolin-Pectin
A
a clay (Kaolin) & a plant polysaccharide (Pectin) combination that absorbs fluids & bacterial toxins
6
Q
Indications for Kaolin-Pectin
A
mild diarrhea
7
Q
Drug class for Fiber
A
anti-diarrheal
8
Q
MoA for Fiber
A
absorbs & binds fluids; provides stool bulk
9
Q
Indications for Fiber
A
mild-moderate diarrhea, constipation
10
Q
Drug class for Bismuth Subsalicylate
A
anti-diarrheal
11
Q
MoA for Bismuth Subsalicylate
A
anti-secretory (salicylate) & anti-microbial (bismuth) action
12
Q
Indications for Bismuth Subsalicylate
A
symptomatic tx of mild, nonspecific diarrhea, traveler’s diarrhea, as part of multi-drug regimen for H pylori
13
Q
Drug class for Octreotide
A
anti-diarrheal
14
Q
MoA for Octreotide
A
synthetic analogue of somatostatin w/ longer half-life; inhibits bowel secretion; dose-related impact on mobility; splanchnic arteriole constriction
15
Q
Indications for Octreotide
A
diarrhea secondary to dysmotility, carcinoid, VIP-oma, pancreatic fistulas, vagotomy, dumping syndrome, short bowel syndrome, HIV diarrhea, GI bleeding
16
Q
Drug class for Senokot
A
anti-diarrheal
17
Q
MoA for Senokot
A
stimulates enterocytes, enteric neurons, GI smooth muscle inducing low-grade inflammation, fluid accumulation & stimulate intestinal motility
18
Q
Indications for Senokot
A
constipation (without bowel obstruction)
19
Q
Drug class for 5ASA
A
5ASA anti-inflammatory
20
Q
MoA for 5ASA
A
local colon anti-inflammatory action & systemic prostaglandin inhibition
21
Q
Indications for 5ASA
A
ulcerative colitis, proctosigmoiditis, proctitis
22
Q
Drug class for Sulfasalazine
A
5ASA anti-inflammatory
23
Q
MoA for Sulfasalazine
A
local colon anti-inflammatory action & systemic prostaglandin inhibition
24
Q
Indications for Sulfasalazine
A
ulcerative colitis, RA, Crohn’s, psoriasis
25
Drug class for Azathioprine
purine analogues
26
MoA for Azathioprine
inhibits synthesis of DNA, RNA proteins
27
Indications for Azathioprine
steroid sparing for steroid dependent Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, maintain remission in CD; fistulizing CD; kidney transplant, RA
28
Drug class for Methotrexate
pruine analogues
29
MoA for Methotrexate
decreases protein synthesis via inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase; inhibits interleukin-1; increase release of anti-inflammatory adenosine
30
Indications for Methotrexate
Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, RA
31
Drug class for Infliximab
anti-TNF alfa compounds
32
Indications for Infliximab
acute & maintenance tx of moderate to severe Crohn's & ulcerative colitis
33
Drug class for Ursodiol
gallstone dissolution agent
34
MoA for Ursodiol
reduces hepatic secretion of cholesterol
35
Indications for Ursodiol
gallstones, prevention of stones in rapid weight loss; primary biliary cirrhosis
36
Drug class for Lubiprostone
laxative calcium channel activation
37
MoA for Lubiprostone
activates calcium channels to increase bowel fluid secretion & motility
38
Indications of Lubiprostone
chronic constipation, IBS, opioid-induced constipation
39
Drug class for Linaclotide
laxative cGMP agonist
40
MoA for Linaclotide
agonizes guanylate cyclase-C on luminal surface of bowel epithelium, increases cGMP resulting in chloride & bicarbonate secretion into intestinal lumen
41
Indications for Linaclotide
IBS-C or chronic idiopathic constipation in adults
42
Drug class for MiraLax
osmotic laxative
43
MoA for MiraLax
causes water retention in stool & increases stool frequency
44
Indications for MiraLax
occasional constipation; short term use
45
Drug class for Lactulose
osmotic laxative
46
MoA for Lactulose
osmotic agent
47
Indications for Lactulose
px/tx portal systemic encephalopathy (PSE)
48
Drug class for MgCitrate
magnesium laxative
49
MoA for MgCitrate
osmotic retention of bowel fluid distending colon & increasing perstalsis
50
Indications for MgCitrate
occasional constipation; study prep
51
Drug class for Natalizumab
anti-integrin
52
MoA for Natalizumab
inhibits integrin on leukocyte surface & inhibit their adhesion to vascular endothelium & their migration into tissue
53
Indications for Natalizumab
subset of patients w/ moderate to severe Crohn's who have failed other tx
54
Drug class for Ranitidine
H2R antagonist
55
MoA for Ranitidine
competitively inhibits H2 receptors of gastric parietal cells reduce basal & stimulated acid production
56
Indications for Ranitidine
PUD, GERD
57
Drug class for Omeprazole & Pantoprazole
PPI
58
MoA for Omeprazole & Pantoprazole
inhibits basal & stimulate parietal cell proton pump acid secretion
59
Indications for Omeprazole & Pantoprazole
PUD, GERD, prevention of NSAID ulcers; stress ulcer px in critically ill
60
Drug class for Sucralfate
mucosal surfactant
61
MoA for Sucralfate
in water or acidic solutions, forms pastes that form barriers by binding selectively to gastric mucosal ulcers & erosions; stimulates mucosal PG & bicarb secretion
62
Indications for Sucralfate
duodenal or gastric ulcers or erosions, stomatitis (off label)
63
Drug class for Dicyclomine
muscarinic antagonists
64
MoA for Dicyclomine
M receptor anticholinergic drug
65
Indications for Dicyclomine
IBS (cramps)
66
Drug class for AlOH
antacids
67
MoA for AlOH
neutralizes HCl in stomach to form Al(Cl)3 & H2O
68
Indications for AlOH
hyperacidity, hyperphosphatemia
69
Drug class for MgOH
antacids
70
MoA for MgOH
reacts w/ HCl acid to form MgCl; osmotic absorption of fluids distend colon & increases peristaltic activity
71
Indications for MgOH
dyspepsia, constipation
72
Drug class for Misoprostol
NSAID protectants
73
MoA for Misoprostol
synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog replaces protective PG inhibits by NSAID therapy
74
Indications for Misoprostol
NSAID-induced gastric ulcers; people at high risk for NSAID induced bleeding
75
Drug class for Liraglutide
GLP-1 receptor agonist weight loss drug
76
MoA for Liraglutide
increase glucose dependent insulin secretion; decrease inappropriate glucagon
77
Indications for Liraglutide
T2DM adjunct therapy; weight loss
78
Drug class for Orlistat
lipase inhibitor weight loss drug
79
MoA for Orlistat
reversible inhibitor of gastric & pancreatic lipase resolution in about 30% reduction in fat absorption
80
Indications for Orlistat
management of obesity with BMI over 30 or over 27 w/ other risk factors
81
Drug class for Lorcaserin
anorexiant weight loss drug
82
MoA for Lorcaserin
preferentially activates 5HT2c receptor initiating hormonal cascade resulting in decreased appetite
83
Indications for Lorcaserin
management of obesity with BMI over 30 or over 27 with other risk factors
84
Drug class for Pancrelipase
pancreatic enzymes
85
MoA for Pancrelipase
supplemental enzymes (lipase, amylase, protease)
86
Indications for Pancrelipase
chronic pancreatitis
87
Drug class for Meperidine
analgesic
88
MoA for Meperidine
binds to mu opioid receptors in CNS & inhibits ascending pain pathway
89
Indications for Meperidine
short-term use in peri-op & acute pancreatitis
90
Drug class for Imipenem-Cilastin
antibiotic
91
MoA for Imipenem-Cilastin
inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis w/ lysis of bacterial cells
92
Indications for Imipenem-Cilastin
intra-abdominal infections, liver abscess, lower respiratory tract or GYN organ infections
93
Drug class for Ciprofloxacin
antibiotic
94
MoA for Ciprofloxacin
inhibits DNA gyrase
95
Indications for Ciprofloxacine
diverticulitis, traveler's diarrhea, UTIs, anthrax, chlamydia, cholera, salmonella, shigella
96
Drug class for Metronidazole
antibiotic
97
MoA for Metronidazole
disrupts DNA structure inhibits protein synthesis producing cell death
98
Indications for Metronidazole
diverticulitis, C diff, vaginitis, giardiasis, trichomonas
99
Drug class for Vancomycin
antibiotic
100
MoA for Vancomycin
inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by blocking glycopeptide polymerization
101
Indications for Vancomycin
tx staph enterocolitis or abs-associated pseudomembranous colitis
102
Drug class for Interferon & Pegylated Interferon
interferon
103
MoA for Interferon & Pegylated Interferon
multiple anti-viral, immune modulating, and viral anti-proliferative effects
104
Indications for Interferon & Pegylated Interferon
HBV, HCV
105
Drug class for Ofloxacin
quinolone antibiotic
106
MoA for Ofloxacin
inhibits bacterial DNA replication by binding to DNA gyrase & topoisomerase
107
Indications for Ofloxacin
infections w/ susceptible GI, GU bacteria; traveler's diarrhea (off label)
108
Drug class for Lamivudine
anti-viral antibiotic
109
MoA for Lamivudine
inhibits HBV DNA polymerase (& HIV reverse transcriptase); suppresses HBV replication
110
Indications for Lamivudine
HBV, HIV
111
Drug class for Ribavarin
anti-viral antibiotic
112
MoA for Ribavarin
inhibits replication of wide range of DNA & RNA viruses (influenza A & B, RSV, parainfluenza)
113
Indications for Ribavarin
HCV, HIV; goal is eradication of HCV
114
Drug class for Sofosbuvir
direct acting antiviral
115
MoA for Sofosbuvir
inhibits HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase preventing HCV replication
116
Indications for Sofosbuvir
acute or chronic HCV
117
Drug class for Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir
direct acting antiviral
118
MoA for Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir
inhibits HCV protein needed for replication & inhibits RNA-dependent polymerase preventing replication
119
Indications for Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir
chronic HCV-1
120
Drug class for Hep A vaccine
vaccine
121
MoA for Hep A vaccine
stimulates HAV antibody response
122
Indications for Hep A vaccine
active HAV px; pre & post exposure; 2 doses
123
Drug class for Hep B vaccine
vaccine
124
MoA for Hep B vaccine
stimulates anti-HBV antibody formation
125
Indications for Hep B vaccine
active HBV px; 3 doses
126
Drug class for Rifaximin
misc antibiotic
127
MoA for Rifaximin
inhibits bacterial RNA-synthesis by binding to bacterial RNA-polymerase
128
Indications for Rifaximin
hepatic, encephalopathy, IBS-diarrhea, traveler's diarrhea, C. diff (off label)
129
Drug class for Scopolamine
anticholinergic, anti-emetic, anti-vertigo (dermal patch)
130
MoA for Scopolamine
blocks activity of AcH at PSNS sites in smooth muscles, secretory glands, & CNS
131
Indications for Scopolamine
nausea, vertigo
132
Drug class for Promethazine
phenothiazines
133
MoA for Promethazine
blocks CNS dopamin receptors, competes for H1 receptors in brain & systemically
134
Indications for Promethazine
anti-emetic, motion sickness, sedative
135
Drug class for Haloperidol
butyrophenones; anti-psychotic
136
MoA for Haloperidol
blocks post-synaptic mesolimbic D1 & D2 receptors; also surpasses reticular activating system thereby reducing emesis
137
Indications for Haloperidol
anti-emetic; schizophrenia, Tourett's, emergency sedation of agitated-aggressive patients (off label)
138
Drug class for Metoclopromide
benzamides
139
MoA for Metoclopromide
blocks D & 5HT receptors in CRTZ
140
Indications for Metoclopromide
anti-emetic, diabetic gastroparesis, GERD
141
Drug class for Dexamethasone
corticorsteroid
142
MoA for Dexamethasone
enhance effect of 5HT3 receptor
143
Indications for Dexamethasone
anti-emetic pre-chemo, immune modulation
144
Drug class for Dronabinol
cannaboids, dopamine antagonist
145
MoA for Dronabinol
unknown
146
Indications for Dronabinol
appetite stimulant, anti-emetic (chemo related), adjunct to surgical anesthesia
147
Drug class for Ondansetron
serotonin antagonist
148
MoA for Ondansetron
peripheral & CRTZ 5HT3 receptor blockade
149
Indications for Ondansetron
only for post-op, radiation & chemo-induced N/V
150
Drug class for Aprepitant
neurokinin-1 antagonist
151
MoA for Aprepitant
blocks central NK1 receptors
| augments anti-emetic effect of 5HT3 receptor antagonism & corticosteroids
152
Indications for Aprepitant
prevention of chemo-induced N/V, post-op N/V
