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Pharmacology > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Drug class for Loperamide

A

anti-diarrheal

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2
Q

MoA for Loperamide

A

inhibition of presynaptic cholinergic nerves in colonic submucosal & myenteric plexus slows transit time

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3
Q

Indications for Loperamide

A

mild-moderate diarrhea w/out obstructions, IBD, IBS

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4
Q

Drug class for Kaolin-Pectin

A

anti-diarrheal

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5
Q

MoA for Kaolin-Pectin

A

a clay (Kaolin) & a plant polysaccharide (Pectin) combination that absorbs fluids & bacterial toxins

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6
Q

Indications for Kaolin-Pectin

A

mild diarrhea

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7
Q

Drug class for Fiber

A

anti-diarrheal

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8
Q

MoA for Fiber

A

absorbs & binds fluids; provides stool bulk

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9
Q

Indications for Fiber

A

mild-moderate diarrhea, constipation

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10
Q

Drug class for Bismuth Subsalicylate

A

anti-diarrheal

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11
Q

MoA for Bismuth Subsalicylate

A

anti-secretory (salicylate) & anti-microbial (bismuth) action

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12
Q

Indications for Bismuth Subsalicylate

A

symptomatic tx of mild, nonspecific diarrhea, traveler’s diarrhea, as part of multi-drug regimen for H pylori

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13
Q

Drug class for Octreotide

A

anti-diarrheal

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14
Q

MoA for Octreotide

A

synthetic analogue of somatostatin w/ longer half-life; inhibits bowel secretion; dose-related impact on mobility; splanchnic arteriole constriction

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15
Q

Indications for Octreotide

A

diarrhea secondary to dysmotility, carcinoid, VIP-oma, pancreatic fistulas, vagotomy, dumping syndrome, short bowel syndrome, HIV diarrhea, GI bleeding

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16
Q

Drug class for Senokot

A

anti-diarrheal

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17
Q

MoA for Senokot

A

stimulates enterocytes, enteric neurons, GI smooth muscle inducing low-grade inflammation, fluid accumulation & stimulate intestinal motility

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18
Q

Indications for Senokot

A

constipation (without bowel obstruction)

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19
Q

Drug class for 5ASA

A

5ASA anti-inflammatory

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20
Q

MoA for 5ASA

A

local colon anti-inflammatory action & systemic prostaglandin inhibition

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21
Q

Indications for 5ASA

A

ulcerative colitis, proctosigmoiditis, proctitis

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22
Q

Drug class for Sulfasalazine

A

5ASA anti-inflammatory

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23
Q

MoA for Sulfasalazine

A

local colon anti-inflammatory action & systemic prostaglandin inhibition

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24
Q

Indications for Sulfasalazine

A

ulcerative colitis, RA, Crohn’s, psoriasis

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25
Q

Drug class for Azathioprine

A

purine analogues

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26
Q

MoA for Azathioprine

A

inhibits synthesis of DNA, RNA proteins

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27
Q

Indications for Azathioprine

A

steroid sparing for steroid dependent Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, maintain remission in CD; fistulizing CD; kidney transplant, RA

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28
Q

Drug class for Methotrexate

A

pruine analogues

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29
Q

MoA for Methotrexate

A

decreases protein synthesis via inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase; inhibits interleukin-1; increase release of anti-inflammatory adenosine

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30
Q

Indications for Methotrexate

A

Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, RA

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31
Q

Drug class for Infliximab

A

anti-TNF alfa compounds

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32
Q

Indications for Infliximab

A

acute & maintenance tx of moderate to severe Crohn’s & ulcerative colitis

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33
Q

Drug class for Ursodiol

A

gallstone dissolution agent

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34
Q

MoA for Ursodiol

A

reduces hepatic secretion of cholesterol

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35
Q

Indications for Ursodiol

A

gallstones, prevention of stones in rapid weight loss; primary biliary cirrhosis

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36
Q

Drug class for Lubiprostone

A

laxative calcium channel activation

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37
Q

MoA for Lubiprostone

A

activates calcium channels to increase bowel fluid secretion & motility

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38
Q

Indications of Lubiprostone

A

chronic constipation, IBS, opioid-induced constipation

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39
Q

Drug class for Linaclotide

A

laxative cGMP agonist

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40
Q

MoA for Linaclotide

A

agonizes guanylate cyclase-C on luminal surface of bowel epithelium, increases cGMP resulting in chloride & bicarbonate secretion into intestinal lumen

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41
Q

Indications for Linaclotide

A

IBS-C or chronic idiopathic constipation in adults

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42
Q

Drug class for MiraLax

A

osmotic laxative

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43
Q

MoA for MiraLax

A

causes water retention in stool & increases stool frequency

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44
Q

Indications for MiraLax

A

occasional constipation; short term use

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45
Q

Drug class for Lactulose

A

osmotic laxative

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46
Q

MoA for Lactulose

A

osmotic agent

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47
Q

Indications for Lactulose

A

px/tx portal systemic encephalopathy (PSE)

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48
Q

Drug class for MgCitrate

A

magnesium laxative

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49
Q

MoA for MgCitrate

A

osmotic retention of bowel fluid distending colon & increasing perstalsis

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50
Q

Indications for MgCitrate

A

occasional constipation; study prep

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51
Q

Drug class for Natalizumab

A

anti-integrin

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52
Q

MoA for Natalizumab

A

inhibits integrin on leukocyte surface & inhibit their adhesion to vascular endothelium & their migration into tissue

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53
Q

Indications for Natalizumab

A

subset of patients w/ moderate to severe Crohn’s who have failed other tx

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54
Q

Drug class for Ranitidine

A

H2R antagonist

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55
Q

MoA for Ranitidine

A

competitively inhibits H2 receptors of gastric parietal cells reduce basal & stimulated acid production

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56
Q

Indications for Ranitidine

A

PUD, GERD

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57
Q

Drug class for Omeprazole & Pantoprazole

A

PPI

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58
Q

MoA for Omeprazole & Pantoprazole

A

inhibits basal & stimulate parietal cell proton pump acid secretion

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59
Q

Indications for Omeprazole & Pantoprazole

A

PUD, GERD, prevention of NSAID ulcers; stress ulcer px in critically ill

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60
Q

Drug class for Sucralfate

A

mucosal surfactant

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61
Q

MoA for Sucralfate

A

in water or acidic solutions, forms pastes that form barriers by binding selectively to gastric mucosal ulcers & erosions; stimulates mucosal PG & bicarb secretion

62
Q

Indications for Sucralfate

A

duodenal or gastric ulcers or erosions, stomatitis (off label)

63
Q

Drug class for Dicyclomine

A

muscarinic antagonists

64
Q

MoA for Dicyclomine

A

M receptor anticholinergic drug

65
Q

Indications for Dicyclomine

A

IBS (cramps)

66
Q

Drug class for AlOH

A

antacids

67
Q

MoA for AlOH

A

neutralizes HCl in stomach to form Al(Cl)3 & H2O

68
Q

Indications for AlOH

A

hyperacidity, hyperphosphatemia

69
Q

Drug class for MgOH

A

antacids

70
Q

MoA for MgOH

A

reacts w/ HCl acid to form MgCl; osmotic absorption of fluids distend colon & increases peristaltic activity

71
Q

Indications for MgOH

A

dyspepsia, constipation

72
Q

Drug class for Misoprostol

A

NSAID protectants

73
Q

MoA for Misoprostol

A

synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog replaces protective PG inhibits by NSAID therapy

74
Q

Indications for Misoprostol

A

NSAID-induced gastric ulcers; people at high risk for NSAID induced bleeding

75
Q

Drug class for Liraglutide

A

GLP-1 receptor agonist weight loss drug

76
Q

MoA for Liraglutide

A

increase glucose dependent insulin secretion; decrease inappropriate glucagon

77
Q

Indications for Liraglutide

A

T2DM adjunct therapy; weight loss

78
Q

Drug class for Orlistat

A

lipase inhibitor weight loss drug

79
Q

MoA for Orlistat

A

reversible inhibitor of gastric & pancreatic lipase resolution in about 30% reduction in fat absorption

80
Q

Indications for Orlistat

A

management of obesity with BMI over 30 or over 27 w/ other risk factors

81
Q

Drug class for Lorcaserin

A

anorexiant weight loss drug

82
Q

MoA for Lorcaserin

A

preferentially activates 5HT2c receptor initiating hormonal cascade resulting in decreased appetite

83
Q

Indications for Lorcaserin

A

management of obesity with BMI over 30 or over 27 with other risk factors

84
Q

Drug class for Pancrelipase

A

pancreatic enzymes

85
Q

MoA for Pancrelipase

A

supplemental enzymes (lipase, amylase, protease)

86
Q

Indications for Pancrelipase

A

chronic pancreatitis

87
Q

Drug class for Meperidine

A

analgesic

88
Q

MoA for Meperidine

A

binds to mu opioid receptors in CNS & inhibits ascending pain pathway

89
Q

Indications for Meperidine

A

short-term use in peri-op & acute pancreatitis

90
Q

Drug class for Imipenem-Cilastin

A

antibiotic

91
Q

MoA for Imipenem-Cilastin

A

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis w/ lysis of bacterial cells

92
Q

Indications for Imipenem-Cilastin

A

intra-abdominal infections, liver abscess, lower respiratory tract or GYN organ infections

93
Q

Drug class for Ciprofloxacin

A

antibiotic

94
Q

MoA for Ciprofloxacin

A

inhibits DNA gyrase

95
Q

Indications for Ciprofloxacine

A

diverticulitis, traveler’s diarrhea, UTIs, anthrax, chlamydia, cholera, salmonella, shigella

96
Q

Drug class for Metronidazole

A

antibiotic

97
Q

MoA for Metronidazole

A

disrupts DNA structure inhibits protein synthesis producing cell death

98
Q

Indications for Metronidazole

A

diverticulitis, C diff, vaginitis, giardiasis, trichomonas

99
Q

Drug class for Vancomycin

A

antibiotic

100
Q

MoA for Vancomycin

A

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by blocking glycopeptide polymerization

101
Q

Indications for Vancomycin

A

tx staph enterocolitis or abs-associated pseudomembranous colitis

102
Q

Drug class for Interferon & Pegylated Interferon

A

interferon

103
Q

MoA for Interferon & Pegylated Interferon

A

multiple anti-viral, immune modulating, and viral anti-proliferative effects

104
Q

Indications for Interferon & Pegylated Interferon

A

HBV, HCV

105
Q

Drug class for Ofloxacin

A

quinolone antibiotic

106
Q

MoA for Ofloxacin

A

inhibits bacterial DNA replication by binding to DNA gyrase & topoisomerase

107
Q

Indications for Ofloxacin

A

infections w/ susceptible GI, GU bacteria; traveler’s diarrhea (off label)

108
Q

Drug class for Lamivudine

A

anti-viral antibiotic

109
Q

MoA for Lamivudine

A

inhibits HBV DNA polymerase (& HIV reverse transcriptase); suppresses HBV replication

110
Q

Indications for Lamivudine

A

HBV, HIV

111
Q

Drug class for Ribavarin

A

anti-viral antibiotic

112
Q

MoA for Ribavarin

A

inhibits replication of wide range of DNA & RNA viruses (influenza A & B, RSV, parainfluenza)

113
Q

Indications for Ribavarin

A

HCV, HIV; goal is eradication of HCV

114
Q

Drug class for Sofosbuvir

A

direct acting antiviral

115
Q

MoA for Sofosbuvir

A

inhibits HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase preventing HCV replication

116
Q

Indications for Sofosbuvir

A

acute or chronic HCV

117
Q

Drug class for Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir

A

direct acting antiviral

118
Q

MoA for Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir

A

inhibits HCV protein needed for replication & inhibits RNA-dependent polymerase preventing replication

119
Q

Indications for Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir

A

chronic HCV-1

120
Q

Drug class for Hep A vaccine

A

vaccine

121
Q

MoA for Hep A vaccine

A

stimulates HAV antibody response

122
Q

Indications for Hep A vaccine

A

active HAV px; pre & post exposure; 2 doses

123
Q

Drug class for Hep B vaccine

A

vaccine

124
Q

MoA for Hep B vaccine

A

stimulates anti-HBV antibody formation

125
Q

Indications for Hep B vaccine

A

active HBV px; 3 doses

126
Q

Drug class for Rifaximin

A

misc antibiotic

127
Q

MoA for Rifaximin

A

inhibits bacterial RNA-synthesis by binding to bacterial RNA-polymerase

128
Q

Indications for Rifaximin

A

hepatic, encephalopathy, IBS-diarrhea, traveler’s diarrhea, C. diff (off label)

129
Q

Drug class for Scopolamine

A

anticholinergic, anti-emetic, anti-vertigo (dermal patch)

130
Q

MoA for Scopolamine

A

blocks activity of AcH at PSNS sites in smooth muscles, secretory glands, & CNS

131
Q

Indications for Scopolamine

A

nausea, vertigo

132
Q

Drug class for Promethazine

A

phenothiazines

133
Q

MoA for Promethazine

A

blocks CNS dopamin receptors, competes for H1 receptors in brain & systemically

134
Q

Indications for Promethazine

A

anti-emetic, motion sickness, sedative

135
Q

Drug class for Haloperidol

A

butyrophenones; anti-psychotic

136
Q

MoA for Haloperidol

A

blocks post-synaptic mesolimbic D1 & D2 receptors; also surpasses reticular activating system thereby reducing emesis

137
Q

Indications for Haloperidol

A

anti-emetic; schizophrenia, Tourett’s, emergency sedation of agitated-aggressive patients (off label)

138
Q

Drug class for Metoclopromide

A

benzamides

139
Q

MoA for Metoclopromide

A

blocks D & 5HT receptors in CRTZ

140
Q

Indications for Metoclopromide

A

anti-emetic, diabetic gastroparesis, GERD

141
Q

Drug class for Dexamethasone

A

corticorsteroid

142
Q

MoA for Dexamethasone

A

enhance effect of 5HT3 receptor

143
Q

Indications for Dexamethasone

A

anti-emetic pre-chemo, immune modulation

144
Q

Drug class for Dronabinol

A

cannaboids, dopamine antagonist

145
Q

MoA for Dronabinol

A

unknown

146
Q

Indications for Dronabinol

A

appetite stimulant, anti-emetic (chemo related), adjunct to surgical anesthesia

147
Q

Drug class for Ondansetron

A

serotonin antagonist

148
Q

MoA for Ondansetron

A

peripheral & CRTZ 5HT3 receptor blockade

149
Q

Indications for Ondansetron

A

only for post-op, radiation & chemo-induced N/V

150
Q

Drug class for Aprepitant

A

neurokinin-1 antagonist

151
Q

MoA for Aprepitant

A

blocks central NK1 receptors

augments anti-emetic effect of 5HT3 receptor antagonism & corticosteroids

152
Q

Indications for Aprepitant

A

prevention of chemo-induced N/V, post-op N/V

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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