Cell division and Differentiation Flashcards
(26 cards)
S-Phase
DNA synthesis (duplication of chromosomes)
M-Phase
Cell division (mitosis and cyotkinesis)
copied chromosomes distributed into a pair of daughter nuclei
Mitosis
Cytoplasmic division to divide cell in two
Cytokinesis
Events of G1 phase
- Cell grows to almost full size
- RNA and protein synthesis
- Produce proteins needed for DNA synthesis
Events of G2 phase
- RNA and protein synthesis
- Organelle duplication
- Synthesis of proteins needed for cell division
Collective name for G1, S and G2
Interphase
Stages of mitosis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Key cytoskeletal proteins in M phase
Microtubules and microfilaments
Cells that can replicate themselves or differentiate into different cell types
Stem cells
Roles of stem cells
Development, tissue homeostasis, repair/regeneration, cancer
Can give rise to any human cells and extraembryonic/placental cells
Totipotent stem cells
Can give rise to all differentiated body cells but not an entire organism
Pluripotent stem cells
Can reverse from differentiated back to stem cell
Induced plutipotent stem cell
Can give rise to more than one cell type but only in a given tissue (certain lineage)
Multipotent stem cells
What cells are prime candidates for accumulating mutations that promote cancer growth
Stem cells
What is cancer?
Abnormal cells that grow in an uncontrolled way
Abnormal growth of cells
Tumour
Non cancerous cells, cannot invade or spread
Benign tumour
Cancer cells that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body
Malignant tumour
Cancer spreads to different location than where it started
Metastasis
What state do cells withdraw into if they do not receive growth signal
G0
What cells do not require growth stimulatory signals to grow and divide
Cancer cells
Late G1 (G1/S transition)
Environment not favourable for DNA synthesis or DNA damaged, cell won’t proceed to S phase
