Cells and Organelles

Question 1

No internal membrane bound structures (no compartmentalisation)

Answer 1

Prokaryotes

Question 2

Membrane bound nucleus + organelles (has compartmentalisation)

Answer 2

Eukaryotes

Question 3

Single cell prokaryote that typically lives in unusual environments

Answer 3

Archaebacteria (eg. methanogens, halophiles, thermoacidophiles)

Question 4

Lipid bilayer in which proteins are embedded

Answer 4

Plasma membrane

Question 5

Organelle in which energy is extracted from food during oxidative metabolism

Answer 5

Mitochondria

Question 6

Semifluid matrix, contains nucleus and other organelles

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Question 7

Complex assembly of microtubules that occur in pairs

Answer 7

Centriole

Question 8

Tube of protein molecules present in cytoplasm, centrioles, cilia and flagella

Answer 8

Microtubule

Question 9

Intertwined protein fibres that provide support and strength

Answer 9

Intermediate filament

Question 10

Twisted protein fibres responsible for cell movement

Answer 10

Actin filament

Question 11

Supports organelles and cell shape, plays a role in motion

Answer 11

Cytoskeleton

Question 12

System of internal membranes, aids manufacture of carbs and lipids

Answer 12

Smooth ER

Question 13

Internal membranes studded with ribosomes

Answer 13

Rough ER

Question 14

Command centre of cell

Answer 14

Nucleus

Question 15

Site of ribosome production

Answer 15

Nucleolus

Question 16

Double membrane between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 16

Nuclear envelope

Question 17

Opening embedded with proteins, regulates passage in/out of nucleus

Answer 17

Nuclear pore

Question 18

Small complexes of RNA and protein, site of protein synthesis

Answer 18

Ribosomes

Question 19

Vesicle containing enzymes that carry out particular functions like detoxifying potentially harmful molecules

Answer 19

Peroxisome

Question 20

Collects, packages and distributes molecules manufactured in the cell

Answer 20

Golgi complex

Question 21

Vesicle that breaks down macromolecules and digests worn out cell components

Answer 21

Lysosome

Question 22

Plasma membrane components (there are 4)

Answer 22

Phospholipids (form a bilayer), cholesterol (membrane integrity and fluidity), proteins (integral or peripheral), carbohydrates (cell-cell recognition, communication and intercellular adhesion)

Question 23

Bent fatty acid tail

Answer 23

Unsaturated (contains double bonds)

Question 24

Straight fatty acid tail

Answer 24

Saturated (no double bonds)

Question 25

The head group of a phospholipid is hydro_______

Answer 25

phillic

Question 26

Important properties of the plasma membrane bilayer

Answer 26

Membrane asymmetry and membrane fluidity

Question 27

Will unsaturated fatty acids increase or decrease membrane fluidity?

Answer 27

Increase

Question 28

What happens when mitochondria are damaged or dysfunctional?

Answer 28

Cell death