Cytoskeletal dynamics in cell division and migration

Question 1

Re organisation of the __________ plays a critical role in cell division and migration processes

Answer 1

cytoskeleton

Question 2

What does the cytoskeleton provide the cell with

Answer 2

• Shape/structure
• Robustness to withstand pressure
• Polarity

Question 3

What cytoskeletal component determines the position of membrane bound organelles

Answer 3

Microtubules

Question 4

What cytoskeletal component directs intracellular transport

Answer 4

Microtubules

Question 5

What cytoskeletal component forms the mitotic spindle

Answer 5

Microtubules

Question 6

What cytoskeletal component determines the shape of the cell surface

Answer 6

Microfilaments

Question 7

What cytoskeletal component is needed for whole cell locomotion

Answer 7

Microfilaments

Question 8

What cytoskeletal component drives cytokinesis

Answer 8

Microfilaments

Question 9

What cytoskeletal component provides mechanical strength

Answer 9

Intermediate filaments (eg. keratin)

Question 10

Microtubules are assembled from ______________

Answer 10

heterodimers of alpha and beta tubulin

Question 11

Microtubules grow and shrink at the ___ end in a process called _________________

Answer 11

(+), dynamic instability

Question 12

What does the GTP cap do

Answer 12

Contributes to stability

Question 13

In what process is GTP bound to beta tubulin hydrolyzed to GDP

Answer 13

Microtubule shrinkage/depolymerisation

Question 14

Switching from microtubule growth to shrinkage occurs due to

Answer 14

loss of the GTP cap

Question 15

Sudden switch from growth to rapidly shortening stage

Answer 15

Microtubule catastrophe

Question 16

Regain of GTP cap

Answer 16

Microtubule rescue

Question 17

Functions of microtubule associated proteins

Answer 17

• Regulate dynamic turnover of microtubules (increase or decrease stability)
• Affect spacing of microtubules
• Connect microtubules to plasma membrane or actin cytoskeleton
• Involved in disease process

Question 18

What is the centrosome

Answer 18

Microtubule organising centre

Question 19

Microtubules are anchored to the centrosome via ____ ends

Answer 19

(-)

Question 20

Centrosomes are duplicated during

Answer 20

interphase

Question 21

How does Taxol work

Answer 21

prevents dynamic rearrangement of microtubules, causes mitotic arrest, cell death

Question 22

___- actin assembles to form 2 stranded helical ___- actin

Answer 22

G, F

Question 23

What regulates actin polymerisation/depolymerisation

Answer 23

ATP

Question 24

Actin filaments grow at ___________ and shrink at ____________

Answer 24

(+) barbed end, (-) pointed end

Question 25

Assembling subunits at (+) end and releasing subunits from (-) end

Answer 25

Actin treadmilling

Question 26

What accelerates actin treadmilling

Answer 26

profilin (assembly), ADF/cofilin (disassembly)

Question 27

Binds to F-actin and prevents its depolymerisation (natural toxin)

Answer 27

Phalloidins

Question 28

How do fibroblasts adhere to ECM

Answer 28

Form nascent focal adhesions

Question 30

Cells extend ______ and _________ from their leading edge in the direction they want to go

Answer 30

lamellipodia, filopodia

Question 31

Lamellipodia and filopodia are stabilised by

Answer 31

new focal adhesions to the ECM

Question 32

How does the cell body move forward

Answer 32

Contraction of the actin cytoskeleton

Question 33

Proteases that induce localised cleavage of protein components of the focal adhesion complex

Answer 33

Calpains