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Ap Biology > Cell parts > Flashcards

Cell parts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the structure for vacuole

A

membrane full of water and molecules or food

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2
Q

What is the macromolecules for vacuole

A

phospholipids

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3
Q

What is the function for lysosome

A

digest food/break down old organelles and macromolecules (hydrolysis)

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4
Q

What is the structure of lysosome

A

membrane bubble full of enzymes

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5
Q

What is the macromolecules for lysosome

A

phospholipids, proteins (enzymes)

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6
Q

What is the Peroxisome similar to

A

lysosome

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7
Q

What is a peroxisome

A

single membrane surrounding enzymes that break down molecules by oxidizing them, which forms H2O2

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8
Q

Why is peroxide broken down

A

because it is toxic so it is broken into water

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9
Q

What is the golgi body function

A

modifies sugars and lipids on proteins
makes complex carbohydrates
package for secretion

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10
Q

What is the structure for the golgi body

A

flat membrane pockets, cisternae, filled with enzymes

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11
Q

what is macromolecules for golgi body

A

phospholipids, proteins

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12
Q

what is the rough endoplasmic reticulum function

A

fold and transport proteins, add carbs to glycoproteins, produces membrane (makes phospholipids and embedded proteins).

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13
Q

What is the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

tunnels made of lots of enzymes ribosomes

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14
Q

What is the macro molecules for the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

phospholipids and proteins

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15
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm

A

everything that happens between cell membrane and nucleus

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16
Q

What is the structure of cytoplasm

A

all organelles between nucleus and cell membrane

all fluid that fills cell= cytosol

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17
Q

What is the macro molecules of cytoplasm

A

all

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19
Q

What is the function of ribosome

A

make proteins

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20
Q

how ribosomes make proteins

A

1) connect amino acids in correct order
2) follow directions from RNA
3) free ribosomes; cytoplasmic proteins
4) bound ribosomes; proteins for secretion, membranes or organelles

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21
Q

What is the structure of ribosomes

A

two subunits
protein subunit
RNA subunit

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22
Q

What is the mitochondrion function

A

cellular respiration

uses oxygen to burn glucose and give cell energy

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22
Q

What is the macro molecules for chloroplasts

A

phospholipids, protein, nucleic acids

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23
Q

What is the structure for the mitochondrion

A

oval outer membrane

folded inner membrane (folds called cristae)

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24
Q

What is the macromolecules for the mitochondrion

A

phospholipids, protein, nucleic acids

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25
What is the function of the cell wall
physical protection and structural support
25
What is the vacuole function
storage and support plants
26
What is the structure for chloroplasts
oval outer membrane | grana= stacks of disks
27
What is the structure of the cell wall
wall surrounding cell | has holes like windows in a wall
29
What is the function for chloroplasts
photosynthesis | converts solar energy into chemical energy
30
What is the formula for photosynthesis
CO2+H2O - Glucose + O2
31
What is the macro molecules for the cell wall
cellulose
33
What is the function for the cell membrane
controls what enters and leaves the cell
33
What is the structure of the cell membrane
flexible lining just inside cell wall
33
What is the macro molecule for the cell membrane
`phospholipids proteins Cholesterol
34
cellular respiration formula
O2 + glucose- CO2 and energy
36
What is the structure of the nucleus
nuclear envelope nuclear pores chromosomes nucleolus
38
nuclear envelope
double layer of membrane around nucleus
40
nuclear pores
holes in envelope
42
chromosomes
DNA inside nucleus
42
nucleolus
area full of ribosome parts
42
What is the function of the nucleus
store DNA and direct cell
42
What is the macro molecules for the nucleus
phospholipids | proteins, nucleic acids
43
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
transport proteins, detoxify poisions/ drugs, produce triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipids
44
What is the structure smooth endoplasmic reticulum
membrane tunnels full of enzymes
45
What is the macromolecules for smooth endoplasmic reticulum
phospholipids and proteins
46
What is the function cytoskeleton
internal mechanical support | moves organelles vessicles
47
What is the structure for the cytoskeleton
framework of microtubules (support) and motor proteins (movement)
48
What is the macro molecules for cytoskeleton
protein
49
What is the cytoskeleton elements (animal and plant)
microtubules microfilaments intermediate filaments
50
What are microtubules
largest, hollow tube shape made of tubulin subunits, can be broken down and reassembled in centrosome
51
what do microtubules do
form spindles and hold organelles in place | track for motor proteins
52
what are microfilaments
thin strands of two chains of actin subunits twisted into helix and they form cell cortex
53
what is the cell cortex
mesh of micro filaments at cell membrane give animal cells shape
54
microfilaments are involved in
amoeboid movement muscle cell contraction endocytosis/exocytosis plant cytoplasmic streaming
55
what are intermediate filaments
medium size add strength to hair, nails, and dead skin highly variable used to ID cell types
56
What are motor proteins
activated by ATP, changes result in motion, each type varies
57
most common types of motor proteins
myosins, actins, dynins, kinesins
58
what are kinesins
walk along microtubules dragging cargo | ex; vessicles organelles
59
what are dynins
walk along microtubules dragging cargo or bending cilia and flagella
60
what push microtubules past each other
motor proteins kinesin for mitosis dynein for cilia motion
61
what pushes microfilaments past each other
myosin does, to move cell cortex and to contract muscle
62
endomembrane system
lacks prokaryotes distinguished trait of all eukaryotes membranes all physically connected or exchange phospholipids by vesicle formation or assimilation
63
assimilation
budding off or absorbing vesicles
64
What parts are in the endomembrane system
``` Nucleus Endoplasmic reticlum Golgi Vesicles Vacuoles Lysosomes/peroxisomes Cell membrane ```
65
What part has the only double layer where both are the same
Nucleus
66
What three parts have double layers
Nucleus Chloroplast Mitochondria
67
Free ribosomes are located where
Floating in the cytosol
68
Where are bound ribosomes located
Attached to ER
69
Who have their own DNA
Chloroplasts | Mitochondria
70
What is an example of a lysosomes
Peroxisome
71
What is responsible for modification and finishing f touches
Golgi body
72
What can proteins have stuck to them
Lipids or sugars
73
What is an acronym to remember the parts of the endo system
``` Never Eat Green Vegetables, Vegetables Like Celery ```
74
Microtubules acrynom
Tubing- big tubes, hollow in the center, made of tubulin like tubes, you can spin in tubs like spindles, hold you in place like holding organelles in place, and you track down a river in them like tracking down motor proteins. And they can be inflated or deflated like broken down or re assembled
75
Microfilaments acronym
``` That Aaa Hole Can Actually Swim ```
76
Intermediate filament acronym
My Sister is Very Ignorant

Ap Biology (33 decks)

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