ecology tolerance and succession

Question 1

limiting factors

Answer 1

factors that restrict the numbers or distribution of organisms

Question 2

plant limiting factors

Answer 2

phosphorous nitrogen 
water
sunlight 
temperature 
soil (type,amount,pH,salinity)
herbivores

Question 3

Biome Type Determined by

Answer 3

Temperature & Water
determine plants types
Type of plants sets up food chain & shelter so…..
determines types of animals

Question 4

temp and water based on

Answer 4

latitude and altitude

Question 5

Latitude

Answer 5

Farther from equator = colder

Weather patterns based on latitude determine precipitation

Question 6

Altitude

Answer 6

Higher up = colder
Windward side = lots of rain
Leeward side = rain shadow

Question 7

windward vs rain shadow

Answer 7

windward lots of grass and water

rain shadow very dry no trees

Question 8

Biodiversity

Answer 8

# different species of organism
more diversity = more stable system

Question 9

Dominant Species

Answer 9

Species with the most biomass

Greatly affect other species

Question 10

Keystone Species

Answer 10

removal has major effects

Question 11

Bottom up model of control

Answer 11

amount of energy at bottom of food chain controls number of consumers

Question 12

Top down model

Answer 12

number of predators keep the prey in check.

Question 13

Biodiversity most affected by

Answer 13

Evolutionary History
Evapotranspiration
Latitude

Question 14

Evolutionary History

Answer 14

older ecosystems = more time for speciation
tropical = older…fewer disturbances (glaciers)
tropical = longer growing season = more time

Question 15

Evapotranspiration

Answer 15

combined evaporation from measure of rainfall, solar radiation & temp
more evapotrans = more diversity

Question 16

what is the number one predictor of biodiversity

Answer 16

latitude

Question 17

Invasive Species

Answer 17

Non-native species invade an ecosystem
May have no predators in new ecosystem
Represent a dead-end in the food chain
Out-compete native organisms decreasing 
species diversity
(exotic species if not bad)

Question 18

Pioneer

Answer 18

first organisms to move in
New area or
Disturbed area (after fire, plowing)

Question 19

Climax

Answer 19

last community to move in
community stays same for long time
very little change
highest species diversity

Question 20

Seres

Answer 20

Successive communities that replace each other in ecological succession
Each new sere outcompetes the previous sere
(competitve exclusion)

Question 21

facilitation

Answer 21

Each sere changes the environment making it easier for the next sere to move in

Question 22

Primary Succession

Answer 22

First organisms to live on that piece of ground
volcanic islands
rock slides
a humans dig a lake

Question 23

Secondary Succession

Answer 23

2nd time a community has grown there

1) after forest fire or flood
2) abandoned farmer’s fields
3) vacant lots

Question 24

Traits of pioneer species

primary succession

Answer 24

Primary succession

1) very hardy
2) tolerate full sun, drought, little – no soil
3) low species diversity
4) r-selected (tolerate high mortality)
5) poor competitors in less hostile habitat

Question 25

Traits of pioneer species

Answer 25

Secondary succession 1) weeds – good dispersal fast growth 2) annuals 3) full sun, drought tolerant 4) r –selected 5) poor competitors - oportunistic

Question 26

Seres of secondary

Answer 26

Weeds- annuals Perennial grasses & flowers young shrubs Shrubs & sun loving trees (pines) Shade loving trees (deciduous) seedlings that can grow in shade replace sun-loving trees as older trees die

Question 27

Very little water

Answer 27

succession ends with desert grasses/shrubs or cacti

Question 28

Dry seasons, low precipitation

Answer 28

Succ ends with Grass lands/savanna (not enough water for trees

Question 29

Water available long growing season but cold winter

Answer 29

deciduous trees

Question 30

Water available but short growing season (cold)

Answer 30

evergreen trees (tiaga or boreal forest)

Question 31

Water and warm all year –

Answer 31

tropical rain forest

Question 32

wetlands

Answer 32

``` Reduce flooding Filter sediment out of water Filter toxins out of water Provide nurseries for fish & shellfish Provide homes for many species High species diversity ```

Question 33

Biological Control

Answer 33

Use one organism to control the population of another organism. Protists: microsporidia to control insects Fungi: Bacteria: Insects: