Flashcards in Central Control of Movement Deck (20):
1
Highest Level of Motor Control
Why? Goals to be achieved. Neocortical association areas (sensations, memories) primarily, but basal ganglia also involved
2
Middle Level of Motor Control
How, what, and when to move? Sequences/tiiming. Uses motor cortex area 4 and 6 for premotor and supplementory motor, as well as cerebellum to share same sequential pathways as before
3
Lowest Level of Motor Control
Activation of motor neurons, using cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord
4
Posterior Parietal Cortex
Areas 5 and 7, sensory input that sends info the motor
5
2 Sources of Corticospinal Tract
Primary motor cortex (2/3) and somatosensory cortex (1/3)
6
2 Parts/Functions of Reticulospinal Tract
Pontine (medial) - enhances antigravity reflexes
Medullary (lateral) - relaxes antigravity reflexes
7
Main Function of Basal Ganglia
Starting/stopping movement
8
3 Cortical Regs of Movement
Parietal cortex (5&7) do sensory then output to premotor area (6)
Prefrontal cortex does decision making/consequential input then outputs to premotor area (6)
9
Lentiform Nucleus
Putamen and globus pallidus, all together but GP is more medial
10
2 Structures Not Technically in BG but Involved in its Reg
Subthalamic nuc and substantia nigra
11
Basic Pathway of Globus Pallidus (int) to Motor Cortex
GPi has tonic inhibition of thalamus, so it can't excite motor cortex. Interruption of GPi allows thalamus to fire and excite motor cortex
12
Direct Pathway of BG Regulation of Movement
Excitatory: Cortex and Substantia nigra both stimulate putamen which inhibits GPi, releasing its inhibition
13
Indirect Pathway of BG Regulation of Movement
Inhibitory: Cortex and Substantia nigra stimulate putamen, which also inhibits GPext, which was inhibiting Subthalamic nucleus which stimulates GPi. So Inhibition of subthalamic nucleus is released, so it stimulates GPi to inhibit thalamus
14
Huntington Disease Symptoms
Hyperkinetic disorder - chorea/dementia/psychiatric disorder
15
Huntington Disease Cause
Striatum/putamen fibers going to GPe degenerate, so you get less tonic inhibition and thus hyperkineticism
16
Parkinson Disease Symptoms
Hypokinetic - rigidity, lack of expression, difficulty starting/stopping movements, and resting tremor (pill rolling, SC firing)
17
Parkinson Disease Cause
DAergic neurons from substantia nigra degenerate, and striatum/putamen activates GPext more so you get over inhibition
18
Athetosis
Slow, writhing motions
19
Ballismus
Flailing/flinging motions of extremities
20