Central Monoaminergic Systems

Question 0

_____ (3) play important roles in maintenance of mood and behavior

Answer 0

Seratonin
Norepinephrine
Dopamine

Question 1

Neurons utilizing monoamine transmitters are restricted to:

Answer 1

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

Question 2

Raphe nuclei

Answer 2

Seratonin neurons clustered close to midline of midbrain, pons, medulla and upper spinal cord

Question 3

Ascending serotonin system nuclei
Transmitted via ____ to thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and basal forebrain
Transmitted through ___ cerebral cortex

Answer 3

Midbrain and pontine dorsal raphe
Medial forebrain bundle
Internal capsule

Question 4

Descending serotonin system nuclei
Transmitted from ___ to spinothalamic neurons in dorsal horn
Transmitted from ___ to motor neurons in spinal cord = ____system

Answer 4

Raphe magnus
Raphe obscurus
Raphespinal system

Question 5

All receptors for serotonin are _____ receptors w/ 1 exception (___)

Answer 5

G-protein coupled

5-HT3

Question 6

______ system command spinal cord CPGs

Answer 6

Corticospinal

Question 7

____ system integrate CPG function

Answer 7

Reticulospinal

Question 8

_____ regulate magnitude and timing of CPG

Answer 8

Seratonergic raphespinal neurons of the descending raphe obscurus pathway

Question 9

5-HT is synthesized from ____

Broken down into ____ by ____

Answer 9

Tryptophan
5-HIAA
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Question 10

5-HT3 is a ___ receptor

Answer 10

Ligand-gated cation channel

Question 11

Removes serotonin from synapse

Answer 11

Serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT)

Question 12

Serotonin syndrome caused by ___

Answer 12

hyperserotongergic state

Question 13

Most important and largest cluster of norepinephrine producing neurons

Answer 13

Locus ceruleus in the pons

Question 14

Locus ceruleus is part of the ___ system

Answer 14

direct arousal

Question 15

3 parts of the direct arousal system

Answer 15

Tuberomammillary nucleus: histamine
Locus ceruleus: Norepi
Raphe nuclei: serotonin

Question 16

NE synthesized from ___

Answer 16

tyrosine

Question 17

Rate limiting enzyme in NE synthesis

Answer 17

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 18

All NE receptors are ____

Answer 18

G protein coupled receptors

Question 19

NE receptor subclasses

Answer 19

Alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors

Beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors

Question 20

Alpha 1 antagonist

Answer 20

Lowers blood pressure

Reduce symptoms of PTSD

Question 21

Alpha 2 agonist

Answer 21

Feedback suppress NE release
Lowers blood pressure
Used in ADHD

Question 22

Beta 1 adrenergic receptors predominate in ___

Answer 22

cerebral cortex and heart

Question 23

Beta 2 adrenergic receptors predominate in ___

Answer 23

Cerebellum and lungs

Question 24

3 Dopamine pathways

Answer 24

1. Nigrostriatal pathway 2. Nesocorticolimbic pathway 3. Tuberoinfundibular pathway

Question 25

Nigrostriatal pathway

Answer 25

``` Substantia nigra (pars compacta) --> dorsal striatum Facilitates movement in basal ganglia circuits ```

Question 26

Mesocorticolimbic pathways

Answer 26

Ventral tegmental area --> ventral striatum via medial forebrain bundle Ventral tegmental area --> limbic cortices, amygdala, hippocampus via medial forebrain bundle DA responds to rewards

Question 27

Turberoinfundibular pathway

Answer 27

Arcuate nucleus --> median eminence Inhibits pulsatile release of prolactin from lactotrope cells

Question 28

Dopamine synthesized from ___

Answer 28

tyrosine

Question 29

All DA receptors are ___

Answer 29

G protein coupled receptors

Question 30

Dopamine and NE broken down by (2)

Answer 30

``` Monoamine oxidase (MAO) Catechol-O-methyl transferase ```