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Viscerosomatic Sensation/Somatosensory Pathways Flashcards

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1
Q

Somatosensory information from most cranial structures is transmitted by ____, with cell bodies located in ____.

A

Trigeminal sensory neurons (CNV)

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

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2
Q

Encapsulated terminal of DRG neurons are responsible for ____

A

sensations of touch and proprioception

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3
Q

Bare nerve endings of DRG neurons are responsible for ____

A

Thermal and painful sensations

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4
Q

4 elementary attributes of stimuli

A

Modality
Location
Intensity
Duration

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5
Q

Group 1 axons
Originate from:
Sensory receptors:
Speed of transduction:

A

Muscles
Proprioceptors of skeletal msucles
Fastest transduction

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6
Q

Axon from skin: A-beta axons
Axons from muscles: Group ___
Sensory receptors:
Responsible for:

A

Group II
Mechanoreceptors of skin
Discriminative touch

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7
Q

Axon from skin and viscera: A-delta axons
Axons from muscles: Group ___
Responsible for:

A

Group III

Cool, sharp pain

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8
Q

Axons from skin: C axons
Axons from msucles: Group ___
Responsible for:
Speed of transduction:

A

Group IV
Warm and cool, aching pain, itch
Slowest

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9
Q 
Meissner's corpuscle
Fiber group:
Modality:
Adaption speed:
Location
A

A beta
Stroking, fluttering
Fast
Superficial skin

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10
Q 
Merkel's disk receptor
Fiber group:
Modality:
Adaption speed:
Location:
A

A beta
Pressure
Slow
Superficial skin

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11
Q 
Pacinian corpuscle
Fiber group:
Modality:
Adaption speed:
Location:
A

A beta
Vibration
Fast
Deep subcutaneous tissue

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12
Q 
Ruffinin ending
Fiber group:
Modality:
Adaption speed:
Location:
A

A beta
Skin stretch
Slow
Deep subcutaneous tissue

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13
Q

____-conducting Type Ia fibers are ___-adapting. Respond to ____. They excite ____ during the ___ reflex, which causes ___.

A 
Fast, fast
Changes in muscle length
Alpha motor nuerons 
Deep tendon reflex
Increasing muscle tension
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14
Q

Type of muscle fiber active during steady state after a change in muscle length.

A

Type II fibers

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15
Q

Fast-conducting fibers that respond to stretch on tendon, which ____ alpha motor neurons.

A

Type Ib fibers

Inhibit

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16
Q

Thermal nociceptors
Activated by:
Fibers used:

A

Extreme temperature

Alpha delta

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17
Q

Mechanical nociceptors
Activated by:
Fibers used:

A

Intensive pressure applied to skin

Alpha delta

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18
Q

Polymodal nociceptors
Activated by:
Fibers used:

A

High intensity chemical, mechanical or thermal stimuli

Nonmyelinated C fibers

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19
Q

Visceral afferent nerves
Cell bodies located:
Majority of fibers:

A

DRG or CN ganglia

Alpha delta and C fibers (slow conducting)

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20
Q

Dorsal root fibers enter spinal cord through medial bundle contain _____ which convey impulses from _______. Ex: ____

A 
thickly myelinated fibers 
Large encapsulated somatic receptors
Muscle spindles (Ia)
Golgi tendon organs (Ib)
Pacinian corpuscles (Abeta)
Meissner's corpuscles (Abeta)
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21
Q

Golgi tendon organs (GTOs)

A

Signal tendon tension

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22
Q

Diminshed or absent deep tendon reflex indicates lesion that affects ____

A

Afferent or efferent neurons for that specific spinal cord segment

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23
Q

Exaggerated deep tendon reflex indicates lesion that affects ____

A

Upper motor neuron (disrupted inhibition on LMN)

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24
Q

Golgi tendon reflex involves:

A

Ib afferent, 1 or 2 interneurons

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25
Dorsal column system transmits:
Tactile sensation Conscious proprioception Kinesthesia
26
Dorsal column system's spinal cord components are _____ which is made up of ____ and ____. Composed of ____.
The dorsal columns Gracile and cuneate fasciculi Heavily myelinated axons of DRG fibers
27
Dorsal column system | _____ cable together more medially, _____ more laterally
Sacral fibers | Cervical fibers
28
Dorsal column system | Gracile and cuneate fasciculi ascend to the ____ and synapse on the ___ and ___.
Lower medulla | Nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus
29
Medial lemniscus
Formed from decussated second-order neurons in gracile/cuneate nuclei in medulla Location of neuron 2 in dorsal column system
30
Location of neuron 3 in dorsal column system: ____ | Fibers ultimately end in _____
Ventral posterolateral nucleus in that thalamus Limb and trunk areas of primary somatosensory cortex in postcentral gyrus
31
Lesion of dorsal column result in (ipsilateral or contralateral) loss of ______ (4) in body segments ____ the level of the lesion
Ipsilateral Conscious proprioception, kinesthesia, 2-point discrimination, vibration sense Below
32
Lesion of the medial lemniscus result in (ipsilateral or contralateral) loss of ______ (4)
Contralateral (b/c it has already crossed in the medulla) | Conscious proprioception, kinesthesia, 2-point discrimination, vibration sense
33
Romberg's test
Test of DCML dysfunction. Relies on fact that w/o visual clues, balance requires conscious proprioception. Lose awareness of proprioception when eyes are closed.
34
Spinothalamic system runs in ____ and ____
Anterior (ventral) and lateral funiculi
35
Spinothalamic system | Ascending 2nd order fibers mostly cross in _____
Spinal cord
36
Lesions of spinothalamic tract result in loss of ____ on ____ side of body ____ the level of lesion
Pain and temperature Contralateral Below, 1-2 segments below level of lesion (Lissauer's tract)
37
Lissauer's tract
Some A beta and C fibers of spinothalamic system ascend spinal cord in this tract before entering dorsal horn and synapse.
38
Spinothalamic tract neurons (2nd order) are mostly found in _____. Their axons cross in ____.
Laminae 1, 4, 5, 6 | Ventral (anterior) white commissure
39
Spinothalamic system | _____ cable together more medially, _____ more laterally
Cervical | Sacral
40
Spinothalamic tract fibers end in _____
Ventral postlateral nucleus and other thalamic nuclei
41
Spinothalamic system | Locations of neuron 2
Posteromarginal nucleus Substantia gelatinosa Nucleus proprius
42
Lesion of anterior white commissure results in ___
bilateral segmental loss of pain and temperature, 1-2 segments below the level of the lesion. Will still have sensation above and below the lesion
43
Visceral pain pathway | 2nd order neurons run in _____ to reach higher centers. They (do/do not) cross
Gracile fasciculi, lesser exten in cuneate fasciculi | Do NOT cross
44
3 pathways of spinocerebellar pathways
Dorsal (posterior) spinocerebellar tract: lower extremities Cuneocerebellar tract: upper extremities Ventral (anterior) spinocerebellar tract: whole limb position and kinesthesia
45
Location of neuron 2 of dorsal spinocerebellar tract
Dorsal nucleus of Clarke
46
Dorsal nucleus of Clarke is part of ____ pathway
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
47
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract axons (do/do not) cross the spinal cord to enter (contralateral/ipsilateral) ____ via the _____
Do not Ipsilateral Inferior cerebellar peduncle
48
Dorsal nucleus of Clarke exits in ______
Thoracic/upper lumbar cord
49
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract conveys information from _____
Only trunk and lower limb
50
Neuron 1 of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract enters the spinal cord through ____
dorsal column
51
Neuron 1 of the cuneocerebellar tract enters the spinal cord through ____ and ascends to the ___ to synapse on ____
Fasciculus cuneatus Medulla Accessory cuneate nucleus
52
2nd order fibers of the cuneocerebellar tract form ____ at the accessory cuneate nucleus to enter the (contralateral/ipsilateral) ___ via the ___.
Cuneocerebellar tract Ipsilateral cerebellum Inferior cerebellar peduncle
53
Venral spinocerebellar tract conveys ____
Nonconscious proprioceptive information about movement and posture of whole (lower) limb
54
Which pathway has its neurons cross twice to end up on the same side?
Ventral spinocerebellar tract
55
2nd order fibers of the ventral spinocerebellar tract are located at _____ at ____ levels. They cross in the ____ and ascend in the _____ to the ____ where they ____ to enter the _____ via the ____.
``` The base lateral to dorsal gray horn Lumbosacral levels ventral white commissure Anterolateral white matter upper pons cross the midline again cerebellum superior cerebellar peduncle ```
56
3 systems of trigeminal sensory complex
Spinal tract and nucleus Main sensory nucleus Mensencephalic nucleus
57
Spinal tract and nucleus functions:
Pain, temp, crude touch from face, head, nasal and oral cavities Like spinothalamic tract of spinal system
58
Main sensory nucleus
Discriminative touch sensation from head and face | Like DCML system w/o conscious proprioception
59
Mesencephalic nucleus
All conscious and nonconscious proprioception from mm. of mastication, periodontal ligament, facial and tongue muscles
60
Location of main sensory nucleus
Pons, adjacent and lateral to motor nucleus of V
61
Mesencephalic nucleus contains ____ that end up in the ____
primary afferent neurons Midbrain *only structure in CNS to contain primary afferent cell bodies
62
Neurons of the mesencephalic nucleus communicate by _____
electrical gap junctions
63
Mesencephalic nucleus sends axons to the ____, located between the ___ and ___. This transmits _____ about _____
Supra-trigeminal nucleus (S-TN) Motor nucleus and main sensory nucleus Conscious proprioception Jaw and tongue position
64
Major output target of mesencephalic nucleus is the ____ for participation in ____
Motor nucleus of V (MoV) | Jaw-jerk reflex
65
Jaw-jerk reflex is exaggerated in ____ | ___ signs resulting from damage to ____ inputs to ____
Corticobulbar lesions | UMN, corticobulbar inputs, MoV
66
Ventral trigeminothalamic tract (VTT) formed from:
2n order fibers of spinal nucleus, main sensory nucleus, supra-trigeminal nucleus
67
VTT terminates in ____
Ventral posteromedial (VPM) nucleus of thalamus
68
VTT fibers from spinal nucleus run alongside ___ aspect of the ____
medial | Spinothalamic tract
69
VTT fibers from main sensory nucleus and supra-trigeminal nucleus run alongside the ____
medial leminiscus
70
Trigeminal lemniscus formed from
VTT (ventral trigemino-thalamic tract) and DTT (dorsal trigemino-thalamic tract)
71
Dorsal trigemino-thalamic tract (DTT) formed from
Ascending uncrossed main sensory nucleus

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