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Undeleted > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Cell that’s very important in protecting against early innate viral infections

A

Natural Killer Cells

Kills DNA viruses: Herpes, Paploma viruses

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2
Q

Adaptive APC

A

B cells

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3
Q

Innate APC

A

Macrophages

Dendritic cells ** most important

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4
Q

MBL

A

mannose binding lectin

Soluable PAMP that binds carbs on pathogen surface

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5
Q

Examples of soluble PAMPS

A

CRP: C reactive protein
SP-A & D: surfactant protein
Natural IgM
C1q

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6
Q

F-MLP-R

A

formyl met-leu-phe receptor

Membrane bound PAMP that recognizes sequence of protein synthesis made by bacteria

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7
Q

NLR

A

NOD like receptors
Cytosolic PAMP that recognizes bacterial products, especially in GI tract
NOD1: recognize gram - bacteria
NOD2: recognize gram + and - bacteria

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8
Q

RIG like receptors

A

Cytosolic PAMP that sense viral RNA

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9
Q

TLRs that recognize bacterial lipopeptides

A

Extracellular membrane TLR
TLR1:TLR2
TLR2: TLR6

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10
Q

TLR that recognizes LPS

A

Extracellular membrane TLR

TLR4

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11
Q

TLR that recognizes bacterial flagellin on rod shaped bacteria

A

TLR5

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12
Q

TLR that recognizes dsRNA

A

Inward facing on endosomal membrane TLRs

TLR3

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13
Q

TLRa that recognize ssRNA

A

Inward facing on endosomal membrane TLRs
TLR 7
TLR 8

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14
Q

TLR that recognizes CpG DNA

A

Inward facing on endosomal membrane TLRs

TLR 9

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15
Q

TLR signaling pathway for all TLRs except TLR 3

A

MyD88 –> NK-kB –> acute inflammation, stimulate adaptive immunity
MyD88 –> IRFs –> antiviral state

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16
Q

TLR signaling pathway for TLR3

A

TRIF –> IRFs and AP-1 –> antiviral state

TRIF –> NK-kB –> acute inflammation, stimulate adaptive immunity

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17
Q

MyD88

A

myeloid differentiation protein 88

Adaptor protein in TLR signaling pathway

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18
Q

TRIF

A

TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon beta

Adaptor protein in TLR signaling pathway

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19
Q

NF-kB

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A

Transcription factor
Nuclear factor kappa beta
acute inflammation, stimulate adaptive immunity

20
Q

IRF

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A

interferon response factor
Transcription factor
Expression of type 1 interferon –> antiviral state

21
Q

Interferon Type 1 (IFN alpha, IFN beta)

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A

Alpha, beta –> anti viral defense
Important for non-immune cells
Viruses initiate disease by infection of epithelial cells

22
Q

Interferon Type 2 (IFN gamma)

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A 
Gamma --> activate macrophages, DC, NK cells --> kill intra-cellular pathogens 
Inhibit viral replication
Increases MHC class 1 expression
23
Q

Interleukins (IL1 …IL -n)

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A

Innate inflammation

Adaptive T helper cell mediation

24
Q

Chemokines (CXCL, CR …etc)

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A

Recruit immune cells to site of inflammation

Influence homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid tissues

25
List the pro-inflammatory cytokines
TNF-alpha IL-1 IL-6 IL-8 (CXCL 8)
26
List the cytokines that mediate T helper cell response
IL-2 IL-4 IL-5 IFN gamma
27
Major cytokines responsible for local inflammation and systemic protective effects
IL-1 IL-6 TNF Increased permeability, fever, change in protein production pattern, increased leukocyte production
28
Loose adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium to site of infection
E selectin on endothelial cells | S lex on immune cell
29
Tight adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium to site of infection
Integrins on immune cell binds to ICAMs (Intracellular adhesion molecules) on endothelial cell --> CXCL8 expressed on endothelial cells binds receptors on immune cell
30
C3 convertases
C4b2a: Lectin and classical pathway C3bBb: Alternative pathway
31
Factor I
Inactivate C3 and C4 --> down regulate C3 convertase
32
Factor H
Plasma mediator Accelerates convertase decay Cofactor for factor I
33
C4BP
Plasma mediator Accelerates convertase decay Cofactor for factor I
34
MCP
membrane mediator cofactor to factor I Does NOT accelerate convertase decay
35
DAF
Membrane mediator: decay accelerating factor Accelerates convertase decay NO co-factor activity -> convertase could reform
36
CR1
Membrane mediator Cofactor to factor I Accelerates convertase decay
37
C5 convertases
C3bBbC3b | C4bC2aC3b
38
CD59
Inhibitor molecule on host cell to keep MAC from forming pores on HOST cell
39
CR1 Ligand: ______ Major cell types that express CR1: ______ Biologic activity: ______
Ligand: C3b, C4b Cell types: Phagocytes/APC, RBC Activity: Opsonophagocytosis, immune complex disposal
40
CR2 Ligand: ______ Major cell types that express CR2: ______ Biologic activity: ______
Ligand: C3dg Cell types: B cells Activity: antibody response
41
CR3 Ligand: ______ Major cell types that express CR3: ______ Biologic activity: ______
Ligand: iC3b Cell types: Phagocytes/APC Activity: Opsonophagocytosis
42
C5aR Ligand: ______ Major cell types that express C5aR: ______ Biologic activity: ______
Ligand: C5a Cell types: Phagocytes Activity: Chemotaxis, anaphylatoxic activity (histamine release, vascular dilation, phagocyte activation)
43
____ (phagocyte) require activation by ______
Macrophage | IFNgamma, TNFalpha
44
2 encapsulated bacteria that need anti-capsular antibody and complement to get phagocytosized
S. pneumonia | N. menigitidis
45
``` ____ immunity activates acute inflammation. Caused by _____. Makes ___. Cytokines that are involved: _____ Ex of bacteria: ______ ```
``` Innate Extracellular bacteria Pus TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL 8) Staphylococcus aureus ```
46
``` ____ immunity activates chronic inflammation. Caused by _____. Makes ____. Cytokines that are involved: _____ Ex of bacteria: ______ ```
``` Adaptive Intracellular organisms Granuloma IFN gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 Mycobacterium tuberculosis ```

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