Ch 16: Ecology

Question 1

The way an organism lives within its environment is called a _____

Answer 1

niche

Question 2

Groups of different species living together and interacting with the same environment is called a _______

Answer 2

community

Question 3

Unrestricted population growth is called what?

Answer 3

exponential growth

Question 4

Members of the same community are also members of the same what?

Answer 4

ecosystem

Question 5

Alternate evolution of two interacting species is called what?

Answer 5

coevolution

Question 6

Can individuals evolve?

Answer 6

no

Question 7

Hawks and wolves hunting the same population of rabbits is an example of what?

Answer 7

comeptition and predation

Question 8

What is a population?

Answer 8

a group of individuals in a particular area that interbreed and therefore share the same gene pool

Question 9

What is community?

Answer 9

a group of populations that live in a particular environment and can interact with each other, but not reproductively.

Question 10

What is a niche?

Answer 10

the way an organism lives in its environment (nesting behavior, type of food it eats, when it hunts, etc.)

Question 11

What is predation?

Answer 11

When one organism eats another

Question 12

What is coevolution?

Answer 12

the alternate evolution of 2 species based on their interactions with each other

Question 13

Herbivores eat the primary _____

Answer 13

producers

Question 14

Organims that feed off dead and decaying material are called ________

Answer 14

decomposers

Question 15

Primary producers are ______

Answer 15

autotrophs

Question 16

Are their more producers or primary consumers?

Answer 16

producers

Question 17

The least amount of energy is available at the ___ of the food chain

Answer 17

top

Question 18

Organisms that eat both plants and animals are called what?

Answer 18

omnivores

Question 19

Decomposers include both _____ and ______

Answer 19

bacteria and fungi

Question 20

An herbivore is a what?

Answer 20

heterotroph

Question 21

What are scavengers?

Answer 21

animals that eat waste and remains of dead organisms

Question 22

What is the order of the food pyramid?

Answer 22

tertiary consumers
secondary consumers
primary consumers
producers

Question 23

How much energy is transferred from one level to the next?

Answer 23

10%

Question 24

When a plant community begins on a barren rock, what is the first organism to colonize the rock?

Answer 24

lichen

Question 25

In an ecological succession, each new plant community in an area _____ the previous plant community

Answer 25

coexists with

Question 26

What is the final community in ecological succession called?

Answer 26

the climax community

Question 27

What is gradual, unpredictable change in plants that occurs over millions of years called?

Answer 27

evolution

Question 28

What is the the name of the organism that appears as the founder of a biological community?

Answer 28

pioneer

Question 29

What is the final plant community in ecological succession primarily made up of?

Answer 29

deciduous trees

Question 30

What is ecological succession?

Answer 30

the process of gradual change that takes place in an ecological community

Question 31

Most carbon is found as what?

Answer 31

carbon dioxide

Question 32

Whater and chemical nutrients are classified as ___ elements of an ecosystem

Answer 32

abiotic

Question 33

Water moves from plants to clouds by what?

Answer 33

transpiration

Question 34

What is nitrogen converted into usable forms in the soil by?

Answer 34

bacteria

Question 35

Carbon is returned to the atmosphere by _____ and removed from the atmosphere by _______

Answer 35

respiration, photosynthesis

Question 36

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in root nodules of what?

Answer 36

legumes

Question 37

Does the tropical rain forest have a greater biological diversity than the tundra?

Answer 37

yes

Question 38

What is the biome characterized by large numbers of evergreen conifers?

Answer 38

the taiga

Question 39

The primary plant forms of the _____ are mosses, lichen, and wildflowers

Answer 39

tundra

Question 40

The ocean floor is known as the ____ zone

Answer 40

benthic

Question 41

Animals with adaptations for a dry environment would live in the _____

Answer 41

desert

Question 42

What is the deepest zone of the ocean?

Answer 42

abyssal zone

Question 43

Permanently frozen soil is a characteristic of ____

Answer 43

tundra

Question 44

The biome with very fertile soil and many herbivores is the ________

Answer 44

grasslands/ savanna

Question 45

Deer, bears, and raccoon are found in the _______, where as caribou and moose are found in the _____.

Answer 45

deciduous forest, tundra

Question 46

Do deciduous trees lose their leaves during cold seasons?

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

Phytoplankton would thrive well in the ______ zone

Answer 47

limnetic

Question 48

Succulent plants are well suited to ____

Answer 48

desert

Question 49

Areas of water where light does not penetrate are known as ____ zones

Answer 49

aphotic

Question 50

What is the most northern biome?

Answer 50

tundra

Question 51

Does the tundra grow many trees?

Answer 51

no

Question 52

Coral reefs can typically be found in the _____ zone

Answer 52

neritic

Question 53

What is the intertidal zone?

Answer 53

the marine biome where land and water meet

Question 54

What is the neritic zone?

Answer 54

the marine biome that extends from the intertidal one at the shore to the edge of the continental shelf

Question 55

What is the oceanic zone?

Answer 55

the marine biome that is essentially open ocean. | Phytoplankton live here

Question 56

What can the oceanic zone be further divided into?

Answer 56

pelagic- open water | benthic- ocean bottom

Question 57

What is the littoral zone?

Answer 57

the freshwater biome found near the shore of a lake

Question 58

What is the limnetic zone?

Answer 58

The freshwater zone that is further from the shore and extends downward as far as light will penetrate

Question 59

What is the profundal zone?

Answer 59

the freshwater zone that is tessentially the aphotic rgion of the lake