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SAT II: Biology E/M > Ch 3: Molecules of Biology > Flashcards

Ch 3: Molecules of Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a compound?

A

A molecule that contains different types of atoms

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

A molecule with a singal type of atom

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3
Q

What is an organic molecule or compound?

A

contains carbon

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4
Q

What is an exception to organic compounds?

A

carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Water (H2O) is a _____ compound

A

inorganic

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6
Q

Is Cy2 a compound?

A

No

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7
Q

Is H2O a compound?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Methane (CH2) is an ____ compound

A

organic

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9
Q

Is Cy2 a molecule?

A

Yes

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10
Q

CO2 is an _____ compound

A

inorganic

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11
Q

Products are found on the ___ side of the arrow in a chemical reaction.

A

Right

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12
Q

What are the four important organic molecules?

A

Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids

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13
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A string of repeated units

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14
Q

What is a monomer?

A

The individual units of a polymer

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15
Q

Proteins are polymers of _____?

A

Amino acids

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16
Q

What is the basic structure of an amino acid?

A

**HO
**** |* ||
NH2—–C—– C —— OH
**|
******R

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17
Q

What is a bond between amino acids called?

A

Peptide bond

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18
Q

How are peptide bonds formed?

A

Dehydration synthesis- a molecule of water is removed to join 2 amino acids

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19
Q

The assembly of a protein from its amino acid constituents involves the ______ of water and is called _______.

A

Removal, dehydration

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20
Q

An amino acid is a _______ of a protein

A

Monomer

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21
Q

Because proteins are chains of amino acids linked together by _____ bonds, a protein can also be called a ________/

A

peptide, polypeptide

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22
Q

The assembly of a protein into its component amino acids is called ________ and involves the _______ of water.

A

Hydrolysis, addition

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23
Q

What is a saccharide?

A

The monomer for a carbohydrate

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24
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

A carbohydrate made from only one saccharide

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25
Q

What is the chemical formula for a monosaccharide?

A

C6H12O6

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26
Q

What are the two monosaccharides you need to know for the test?

A

glucose and fructose

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27
Q

How are glucose and fructose different?

A

The double-bonded oxygen is oriented differenty

28
Q

What type of structure can glucose also form?

A

Ring structure

29
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

A carbohydrate made of 2 monosaccharides

30
Q

What are the 2 disaccharides you need to know for the test?

A

Maltose and sucrose

31
Q

How is maltose formed?

A

Glucose + glucose - H2O

32
Q

How is sucrose formed?

A

Glucose + fructose-H2O

33
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

A molecule with more than 2 monosaccharides

34
Q

Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are polymers of what?

A

Glucose

35
Q

What is glycogen?

A

The form in which animals store glucose

36
Q

What is cellulose?

A

A structural polysaccharide that forms the plant’s cell walls

37
Q

Starch serves as a means of storing glucose in _____

A

plants

38
Q

A molecule of maltose is formed from 2 molecules of ______

A

Glucose

39
Q

Are glucose and fructose identical molecules?

A

No

40
Q

A molecule of glucose and a molecule of fructose, both of which are ________, combine to form a molecule of _____, which is a _________.

A

monosaccharides, sucrose, disaccharide

41
Q

Cellulose is a ______

A

polysaccharide

42
Q

Glycogen serves as a means for storing glucose in ____.

A

Animals

43
Q

The chemical formula for both glucose and fructose Is:

A

C6H12O6

44
Q

The chemical formula for sucrose is _____.

A

C12H22O11

45
Q

Cellulose and glycogen differ in the way that _____ molecules are bonded together

A

Glucose

46
Q

Are the chemical formulas for sucrose and maltose identical?

A

Yes

47
Q

Triglycerides are made of one molecule of _______ and three ______.

A

Glycerol, fatty acids

48
Q

Lipids in general are _______.

A

Hydrophobic

49
Q

The primary lipid found in cell membranes is ______

A

phospholipid

50
Q

Steroid hormones are derived from:

A

Cholesterol

51
Q

Are steroid hormones hydrophobic?

A

Yes

52
Q

Fats are stored in the body in the form of ______.

A

Triglycerides

53
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

The monomer for a lipid, a carbon atom with 2 hydrogen atoms

54
Q

Another term for hydrophobic is:

A

Nonpolar

55
Q

Are phospholipids polar?

A

They are polar on the phosphate end and nonpolar on the fatty acid end

56
Q

What is a lipid bilayer?

A

A double layer of phospholipids, which form cell membranes.

57
Q

What are the 4 DNA nucleotide bases?

A

Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine

58
Q

Is RNA a double-stranded molecule?

A

No

59
Q

Do RNA nucleotides contain the exact same bases as DNA nucleotides?

A

No

60
Q

In DNA, guanine forms a base pair with ____, while adenine forms a base pair with _____.

A

cytosine, thymine

61
Q

The nucleic acid “backbone” is made up of what?

A

Sugar and phosphate

62
Q

The sugar in DNA is _______.

A

Deoxyribose

63
Q

In RNA, adenine can form a base pair with what?

A

Uracil

64
Q

What type of bond holds DNA base pairs together?

A

Hydrogen bond

65
Q

The A-T base pair is held together by how many hydrogen bonds?

A

2

66
Q

The G-C base pair is held together by how many hydrogen bonds?

A

3

67
Q

What sugar is in RNA?

A

Ribose

SAT II: Biology E/M (15 decks)

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