Ch 3: Molecules of Biology

Question 1

What is a compound?

Answer 1

A molecule that contains different types of atoms

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

A molecule with a singal type of atom

Question 3

What is an organic molecule or compound?

Answer 3

contains carbon

Question 4

What is an exception to organic compounds?

Answer 4

carbon dioxide

Question 5

Water (H2O) is a _____ compound

Answer 5

inorganic

Question 6

Is Cy2 a compound?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Is H2O a compound?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Methane (CH2) is an ____ compound

Answer 8

organic

Question 9

Is Cy2 a molecule?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

CO2 is an _____ compound

Answer 10

inorganic

Question 11

Products are found on the ___ side of the arrow in a chemical reaction.

Answer 11

Right

Question 12

What are the four important organic molecules?

Answer 12

Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids

Question 13

What is a polymer?

Answer 13

A string of repeated units

Question 14

What is a monomer?

Answer 14

The individual units of a polymer

Question 15

Proteins are polymers of _____?

Answer 15

Amino acids

Question 16

What is the basic structure of an amino acid?

Answer 16

**HO
**** |* ||
NH2—–C—– C —— OH
**|
******R

Question 17

What is a bond between amino acids called?

Answer 17

Peptide bond

Question 18

How are peptide bonds formed?

Answer 18

Dehydration synthesis- a molecule of water is removed to join 2 amino acids

Question 19

The assembly of a protein from its amino acid constituents involves the ______ of water and is called _______.

Answer 19

Removal, dehydration

Question 20

An amino acid is a _______ of a protein

Answer 20

Monomer

Question 21

Because proteins are chains of amino acids linked together by _____ bonds, a protein can also be called a ________/

Answer 21

peptide, polypeptide

Question 22

The assembly of a protein into its component amino acids is called ________ and involves the _______ of water.

Answer 22

Hydrolysis, addition

Question 23

What is a saccharide?

Answer 23

The monomer for a carbohydrate

Question 24

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 24

A carbohydrate made from only one saccharide

Question 25

What is the chemical formula for a monosaccharide?

Answer 25

C6H12O6

Question 26

What are the two monosaccharides you need to know for the test?

Answer 26

glucose and fructose

Question 27

How are glucose and fructose different?

Answer 27

The double-bonded oxygen is oriented differenty

Question 28

What type of structure can glucose also form?

Answer 28

Ring structure

Question 29

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 29

A carbohydrate made of 2 monosaccharides

Question 30

What are the 2 disaccharides you need to know for the test?

Answer 30

Maltose and sucrose

Question 31

How is maltose formed?

Answer 31

Glucose + glucose - H2O

Question 32

How is sucrose formed?

Answer 32

Glucose + fructose-H2O

Question 33

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 33

A molecule with more than 2 monosaccharides

Question 34

Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are polymers of what?

Answer 34

Glucose

Question 35

What is glycogen?

Answer 35

The form in which animals store glucose

Question 36

What is cellulose?

Answer 36

A structural polysaccharide that forms the plant's cell walls

Question 37

Starch serves as a means of storing glucose in _____

Answer 37

plants

Question 38

A molecule of maltose is formed from 2 molecules of ______

Answer 38

Glucose

Question 39

Are glucose and fructose identical molecules?

Answer 39

No

Question 40

A molecule of glucose and a molecule of fructose, both of which are ________, combine to form a molecule of _____, which is a _________.

Answer 40

monosaccharides, sucrose, disaccharide

Question 41

Cellulose is a ______

Answer 41

polysaccharide

Question 42

Glycogen serves as a means for storing glucose in ____.

Answer 42

Animals

Question 43

The chemical formula for both glucose and fructose Is:

Answer 43

C6H12O6

Question 44

The chemical formula for sucrose is _____.

Answer 44

C12H22O11

Question 45

Cellulose and glycogen differ in the way that _____ molecules are bonded together

Answer 45

Glucose

Question 46

Are the chemical formulas for sucrose and maltose identical?

Answer 46

Yes

Question 47

Triglycerides are made of one molecule of _______ and three ______.

Answer 47

Glycerol, fatty acids

Question 48

Lipids in general are _______.

Answer 48

Hydrophobic

Question 49

The primary lipid found in cell membranes is ______

Answer 49

phospholipid

Question 50

Steroid hormones are derived from:

Answer 50

Cholesterol

Question 51

Are steroid hormones hydrophobic?

Answer 51

Yes

Question 52

Fats are stored in the body in the form of ______.

Answer 52

Triglycerides

Question 53

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 53

The monomer for a lipid, a carbon atom with 2 hydrogen atoms

Question 54

Another term for hydrophobic is:

Answer 54

Nonpolar

Question 55

Are phospholipids polar?

Answer 55

They are polar on the phosphate end and nonpolar on the fatty acid end

Question 56

What is a lipid bilayer?

Answer 56

A double layer of phospholipids, which form cell membranes.

Question 57

What are the 4 DNA nucleotide bases?

Answer 57

Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine

Question 58

Is RNA a double-stranded molecule?

Answer 58

No

Question 59

Do RNA nucleotides contain the exact same bases as DNA nucleotides?

Answer 59

No

Question 60

In DNA, guanine forms a base pair with ____, while adenine forms a base pair with _____.

Answer 60

cytosine, thymine

Question 61

The nucleic acid "backbone" is made up of what?

Answer 61

Sugar and phosphate

Question 62

The sugar in DNA is _______.

Answer 62

Deoxyribose

Question 63

In RNA, adenine can form a base pair with what?

Answer 63

Uracil

Question 64

What type of bond holds DNA base pairs together?

Answer 64

Hydrogen bond

Question 65

The A-T base pair is held together by how many hydrogen bonds?

Answer 65

2

Question 66

The G-C base pair is held together by how many hydrogen bonds?

Answer 66

3

Question 67

What sugar is in RNA?

Answer 67

Ribose