Ch 6: Transcription and Translation

Question 1

Where is a eukaryote cell’s genetic information (DNA) located?

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

What is a chromosome?

Answer 2

A piece of DNA in the nucleus of a cell

Question 3

When does DNA replicate?

Answer 3

When cells divide

Question 4

How does DNA replicate?

Answer 4

1. unwinds, 2 strands separate
2. DNA polymerase lines up nucleotides to form new 2nd strands
3. Hydrogen bonds form between the sugar-phosphate components
4. twist up

Question 5

What does it mean when you say that one DNA strand acts as a template for the formation of another?

Answer 5

Nucleotide bases direct the construction of a complementary strand that forms alongside it.

Question 6

Every somatic cell has ___ chromosomes.

Answer 6

46

Question 7

In 1 organism, are the chromosomes in one cell’s nucleus identical to that in every other cell’s nucleus?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Cells that have 2 sets of chromosomes are said to be _____.

Answer 8

diploid

Question 9

If 2 individuals are of the same species, then are the chromosomes in one individual’s cells identical to the chromosomes in the other individual’s cells?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

The enzyme that runs DNA replication is called _____.

Answer 10

DNA polymerase

Question 11

Humans have ____ total chromosomes found as _____ sets of _____ chromosomes each

Answer 11

46, 2, 23

Question 12

One strand of DNA serves as a _______ for the creation of a complementary strand.

Answer 12

template

Question 13

Are homologous chromosomes identical?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

What are the portions of DNA that actually carry instructions for protein synthesis called?

Answer 14

Genes

Question 15

What is the sugar in the sugar-phosphate backbone of RNA?

Answer 15

Ribose

Question 16

RNA is a polymer of _____

Answer 16

nucleotides

Question 17

RNA is _____-stranded

Answer 17

single

Question 18

What is the production of a strand of RNA from a strand of DNA called?

Answer 18

transcription- they are both made of nucleotides

Question 19

What is the switch from RNA to protein called?

Answer 19

Translation- RNA is nucleotides and protein is amino acids

Question 20

What enzyme creates a complementary strand of RNA?

Answer 20

RNA polymerase

Question 21

How much of the DNA molecule is transcribed to make RNA?

Answer 21

only a portion of the genes in the DNA

Question 22

What does mRNA do?

Answer 22

carries the information for protein synthesis to the ribosomes

Question 23

What does rRNA do?

Answer 23

interacts with ribosomes to make them functional

Question 24

What does tRNA do?

Answer 24

carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes during protein synthesis

Question 25

Where does translation/ protein synthesis occur?

Answer 25

cytoplasm

Question 26

What is a sequence of 3 nucleotides called?

Answer 26

codon

Question 27

What is the dictionary for protein translation called?

Answer 27

genetic code

Question 28

The sequence of RNA that is complementary to the DNA sequence CAGTATACG is _______

Answer 28

GUCAUAUGC

Question 29

Portions of DNA that carry instructions for protein synthesis are called ______

Answer 29

genes

Question 30

____ carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes during protein translation

Answer 30

tRNA

Question 31

The sequence of codons on mRNA is read in ______ sequence.

Answer 31

nonoverlapping

Question 32

The 3 "stop" codons are:

Answer 32

UAG, UAA, UGA

Question 33

In order to base-pair, the anticodon on a tRNA must be _____ to an mRNA codon

Answer 33

complementary

Question 34

Peptide bonds are formed between ________

Answer 34

amino acids

Question 35

The next amino acid for the protein being translated binds (attaches to its tRNA) in the _____

Answer 35

A-site

Question 36

The growing protein is attached to the ribosome through a tRNA in the ______

Answer 36

P-site

Question 37

When a stop codon appears in the ____, the protein is ____ from the ribosome

Answer 37

A-site, released

Question 38

The ________ is a special region on the tRNA molecule that can base-pair with codons on mRNA

Answer 38

anticodon

Question 39

The ribosome is an organelle that __________________

Answer 39

synthesizes protein

Question 40

Once the tRNA base-pairs with the codons on mRNA, the ribosome formes a __________ between the 2 amino acids.

Answer 40

peptide bond

Question 41

What does the P in P-site stand for and the A in A-site?

Answer 41

peptide, amino acid