Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology II > ch. 30 > Flashcards

ch. 30 Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

characteristics common to seed plants

A
  1. heterospory
  2. reduced gametophytes
  3. ovules
  4. pollen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

reduced gametophytes

A
  • develop within walls of spores that are retained within tissues of parent sporophyte
  • arrangement protects developing gametophyte from environmental stress and obtains nutrients from sporophyte
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gametophyte size in nonvascular plants

A

giant
- sporophyte reduced, dependent on gametophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gametophyte size in seedless vascular plants

A
  • small
  • gp photosynthetic and free living
  • sporophyte dominant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gametophyte size in seed plants

A
  • tiny
  • usually microscopic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the scales on ovulate cones called

A

megasporophylls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where are ovulate cones in relation to pollen cones

A

higher on tree, pollen cones lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is inside the female ovulate and male pollen cone?

A

gametophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where are male gametophytes in gymnosperms

A

pollen cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where are female gametophytes in gymnosperms

A

ovulate cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where are male gametophytes in angiosperms

A

anthers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where are female gametophytes in angiosperms

A

ovules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

homosporous

A

plants producing one type of spore
- usually bisexual
- ferns and close relatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

heterosporous

A

produces 2 dif types of spores, which develop into either male or female gametophytes
- seed plants
- separate sex gametophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

megasporophylls and microsporophylls

A

modified leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

megasporophylls…

A
  • megasporangia
  • megasporocytes
  • meiosis
  • megaspores
  • female gametophytes
  • mitosis
  • ovum or egg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

microsporophylls…

A
  • microsporgangia
  • microsporocytes
  • meiosis
  • microspores
  • male gametophytes
  • mitosis
  • sperm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ovule

A

consists of megasporangium, megaspore, and 1+ protective integuments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how many integuments do gymnosperm megasporangia have

A

one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how many integuments do angiosperm megasporangia have

A

two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does a microspore develop into?

A

divides by mitosis to create pollen grain
- contains male gametophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pollination

Study These Flashcards
A

transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules

23
Q

what happens with a germinated pollen grain

Study These Flashcards
A

produces pollen tube that discharges sperm into the female gametophyte within the ovule

24
Q

where are seeds found in gymnosperms

Study These Flashcards
A

exposed on sporophytes that form cones

25
where are seeds found in angiosperms
fruits (mature ovaries)
26
what are most gymnosperms?
cone-bearing plants called confiers
27
male life cycle of pine
1. pine tree is sporophyte that produces sporangia in male/female cones 2. pollen cones consist of microsporophylls that bear microsporangia 3. microsporangia contain microsporophytes that undergo meiosis to produce microspores 4. each microspore develops into pollen grain containing male gametophyte
28
female life cycle of pine
1. ovulate cones consist of megasporophylls with megasporangia and modified stem tissue 2. megasporangia contain megasporocytes that undergo meiosis to produce megaspores 3. megaspores develop into female gametophytes
29
4 phyla of gymnosperms
1. cycadophyta 2. gingkophyta 3. gnetophyte 4. coniferophyta
30
cycadophyta
- large cones and palm like leaves - flagellated sperm
31
gingkophyta
- single living species: Gingko biloba - flagellated sperm - high tolerance to air pollution, popular ornamental tree
32
gnetophyta
- 3 genera: Gentum, Ephedra, Welwitschia - vary in appearance, tropical to desert - Ephedra sinica - weight loss supplement, anxiety
33
coniferophyta
- largest of gymnosperms - woody cones, sometimes fleshy - most are evergreens, photosynthesis year-round
34
characteristics of angiosperms
- single phylum: Anthophyta - have 2 key adapatations: flowers, fruit
35
flower
specialized shoot w/ up to 4 types of modified leaves called floral organs - specialized for sexual reproduction - pollinated by insects, animals, or wind
36
floral organs
sepals, petals, stamen, carpels
37
sepals
enclose flower
38
petals
brightly colored to attract pollinators, wind pollinated don't have bright flowers
39
stamens
male reproductive organ - anthers - filament
40
carpels (pistil)
female reproductive organ - stigma - style - ovary
41
what is the pistil made up of
megasporophylls
42
what are produced in the anthers
microspores that develop into pollen containing male gametophytes
43
why is the stigma sticky
where pollen is received
44
what does the ovary contain
the female gametophyte within the ovules
45
pistil
single carpel or 2+ fused carpels
46
how does a fruit form
when the ovary wall thickens and matures - protects seeds and aids in dispersal - fleshy or dry
47
angiosperm life cycle
1. male gametophytes are contained within pollen grains produced by microsporangia or anthers 2. female gametophyte (embryo sac) develops within ovule in ovary at base of stigma 3. cross-pollination occurs 4. pollen grain lands on stigma and germinates, and pollen tube grows down to ovary 5. ovule is entire through micropyle 6. double fertilization occurs when pollen tube discharges two sperm into female gametophyte within ovule 7. one sperm fertilizes egg, other combines w/ 2 nuclei in central cell of female gametophyte and initiates development of endosperm
48
micropyle
where pollen tube enters ovule in angiosperms
49
what does embryo consist of in angiosperm
a root and 1-2 seed leaves (cotyledons)
50
monocot characteristics
- one cotyledon - parallel veins - scattered vascular tissue - fibrous root system, no main root - pollen grain w/ 1 opening - floral organs in multiples of 3
51
eudicot characteristics
- two cotyledons - netlike veins - vascular tissue in ring - taproot (main root) - pollen w/ 3 openings - floral organs in multiples of 4 or 5
52
most of our food comes from
angiosperms
53
angiosperm crops that are consumed by humans
wheat, rice, maize, potatoes, cassava, sweet potato

Biology II (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions