Chap 11 Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(123 cards)
Arteries:
Are the vessels that lead away from the heart.
Artery:
- Outer layer
- Muscle layer
- Elastic layer
- Inner layer
- Endothelium
Veins
Have thinner walls than arteries and move deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the tissues.
Vein:
- Outer layer
- Muscle layer
- Inner layer
- Valve : van tim
- Endothelium : mang trong
Capillaries:
Are the smallest vessels. They form the point of exchange for oxygen and nutrients into body cells and waste products coming from body cells
Patent is a term that means “open”
Capillary:
- endothelium
Arterioles
Smaller branches of arteries
Venules
Small vein that carry waste-filled blood back to the heart.
Tricuspid valve
Van ba la
( cusps are flaps of the valves):
between the right atrium and right ventricle
Pulmonary valve:
Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
Van phoi
Mitral valve
Between the left atrium and left ventricle
- 20% of females have defects here-etiology unknown
Aortic valve
Between the left atrium and aorta.
Two phases of the heartbeat:
- Diastole: relaxation
- Systole: contraction
+ The diastole-systole cardiac cycle occurs between 70 to 80 times per minute ( 100,000 times per day).
+ The heart pumps 3 oz of blood with each contraction. This means that about 5 quarts are pumped per minute (75 gallons/hour and about 2000 gallons/day)
Heart sound
Closure of valves associated with sounds “ lubb-dubb, lubb-dubb”
- lubb: closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves at the beginning of systole
- dubb: closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of systole
- murmur: an abdominal heart sound caused by improper valve closure
- > sounds like a swooshing noise
Cardiovascular system:
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells of body tissue
- Heart ( muscular pump)
- Blood vessels ( fuel line and transportation network)
Blood pressure:
- Blood pressure: the force that exerts on arterial wall.
- Measured using a sphygmomanometer.
- expressed as a fraction:
Systolic pressure/ diastolic pressure
Ex: 120/80 mm Hg - Hypertension (high blood pressure): when BP>140/90 mm Hg
Aorta
The largest artery in the body.
Apex of the heart
The lower tip of the heart
Artery
The largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to al parts of the body
Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)
Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them.
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
Specialized tissue in the wall between atria;
electrical impulses pass from pacemaker through AV node and bundle of His toward ventricles.
Atrium
Pl.: atria
One of two upper chambers of the heart
Capillary
The smallest blood vessel
Carbon dioxide Co2
Waste gas released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to lungs for exhalation
Deoxygenated blood
Oxygen-poor blood
Diastole
Relaxation phase of the heartbeat
Electrocardiogram
Record of the electricity flowing through the heart
