Chap 5 digestive system Flashcards
1
Q
Defective enzymes aid the breakdown of complex nutrients :
A
Proteins–> amino acid
Sugars –> glucose
Fats –> fatty acids or triglycerides
2
Q
Bucc/o
A
Cheek
3
Q
Cheil/o, labi/o
A
Lip
4
Q
palat/o
A
Hard or soft palate
5
Q
Uvul/o
A
Uvula
6
Q
gloss/o, lingu/o
A
Tongue
7
Q
Tonsill/o
A
Tonsil
8
Q
gingiv/o
A
Gum
9
Q
dent/i, odont/o
A
Teeth
10
Q
Papillae
A
Nipple
Nhu’
11
Q
Cental incisor
Lateral incisor
A
Rang cua
12
Q
Canine
A
Rang nanh
13
Q
Premolar
A
Rang tien ham
14
Q
Molar
A
Rang ham
15
Q
Crown
A
Than rang
16
Q
Root
A
Chan rang
17
Q
Enamel
A
Men rang
18
Q
Dentin
A
Mo rang
19
Q
Pulp
A
Tuy rang
20
Q
Gingiva
A
Gum
Nuu
21
Q
Cementum
A
Xuong rang
22
Q
Root canal
A
Ong tuy rang
23
Q
Periodontal membrane
A
Mang boc rang
24
Q
Epiglottis
A
Nap thanh quan
25
Fundus
Thuong vi ( da day)
26
Antrum
Hang vi
27
Pyloric sphincter
Vong co that mon vi
28
Lower esophageal sphincter
| = cardiac sphincter
Vong co that tam vi ( phia cuoi that quan)
29
Splenic flexure
Phan cong phia duoi la lach
30
Hepatic flexure
Phan cong phia duoi liver
31
Duodenum
Ta trang
| First part of small intestine
32
Jejunum
Second part of small intestine
33
Ileum
Third part of small intestine
34
Cecum
First part of larger intestine
35
Ileocecal value
Phan noi giua cecum va ruot non
36
Villi , villus
Long nhu
37
Deglutition
Swallow
38
Hepatic duct
Ong dan gan
39
Pancreatic duct
Ong tuy
40
Common bile duct
Ong mat chung
41
Cystic duct
Ong dan mat
42
Liver functions:
1. Products bile
2. Maintain normal blood glucose levels
3. Manufacturers blood proteins necessary for clotting.
4. Releases bilirubin, a pigment in bile
Excess= hyperbilirubinemia --> jaundice
5. Removes toxins and poison from blood
43
Absorption
Small intestine absorbs nutrients
44
Functions of pancreas:
- Endocrine function : secretes enzymes through duodenum for digestion.
- Exocrine function : secretes insulin from bloodstream to cells
45
Amino acids:
- Small building block of proteins;
| - Released when proteins are digested.
46
Amylase:
Enzymes secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest STARCH
47
Bile:
- Digestive juice made in the Liver and stored in the gallbladder;
- Composed of Bile pigments, cholesterol and Bile salts
- Breaks up large fat globules;
48
Bilirubin:
- pigment released by the Liver in bile.
| - Too much results in hyperbilirubemia causing Jaundice and Scleral icterus.
49
Bowel
Intestine
50
Common bile duct:
- Carries bile from liver and gallbladder to duodenum;
| - also called the Choledochus.
51
Emulsification:
Physical process of breaking large fat globules into smaller globules.
52
Enzyme:
- Chemical that speeds up reactions between substances;
| - enzyme names end in -ase
53
Fatty acids:
- Substances produced when fats are digested;
| - a category of lipids
54
Glycogen
Starch;
- Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the liver cells.
55
Hydrochloric acid:
- Substance produced by the stomach;
| - necessary for digestion of food
56
Insulin:
Hormone produced by endocrine cells of the pancreas ( islets of Langerhans);
Transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver.
57
Lipase:
Pancreatic enzyme needed to digest fats.
58
Liver:
Stores: sugar, iron and vitamins ;
Secretes bile;
Produces blood proteins;
Destroys worn-out RBCs;
Filters out toxins;
Weighs about 2,5-3 lbs
59
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Cardiac sphincter
Ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach
60
Mastication
Chewing
61
Pancreas
Organ under the stomach;
Produces insulin and enzymes
62
Papillae ( papilla)
Small, nipple-like elevations on the tongue
63
Parotid gland:
Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.
Tuyen mang tai
64
Peristalsis
Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs
65
Portal vein:
Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
66
Protease:
Enzyme that digests protein
67
Pyloric sphincter:
Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum;
Opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it.
68
Rugae:
Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
69
Saliva:
Digestive juice produced by salivary glands;
Contains the enzyme amylase "mouth watering".
70
Salivary glands:
Parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands.
71
Triglycerides:
Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol;
Subgroup of lipids=excess sugar is stored as this type of fat.
72
an/o
Anus
73
append/o, appendic/o
Appendix
74
Bucc/o
Cheek
75
Cec/o
Cecum
76
celi/o
Belly, abdomen
77
Chiel/o
Lip
78
Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
79
Choledoch/o
Common bile duct
80
Col/o
Colon
81
Colon/o
Colon
82
Dent/i
Tooth
83
duoden/o
Duodenum
84
enter/o
Intestines, usually small intestine
85
esophag/o
Esophagus
86
faci/o
Face
87
gingiv/o
Gum
88
gloss/o
Tongue
89
Hepat/o
Liver
90
ile/o
ileum
91
Jejun/o
Jejunum
92
labi/o
Lip
93
lapar/o
Abdomen
94
lingu/o
Tongue
95
mandibul/o
Lower jaw, mandible
96
odont/o
Tooth
97
or/o
Mouth
98
palat/o
Palate
99
pancreat/o
Pancreas
100
Peritone/o
Peritoneum
101
Pharyng/o
Throat
102
proct/o
Anus and rectum
103
pylor/o
Pyloric sphincter
104
rect/o
Rectum
105
sialaden/o
Salivary gland
106
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
107
stomat/o
Mouth
108
Uvul/o
Uvula
109
amyl/o
Starch
110
bil/i
Gall, bile
111
bilirubin/o
bilirubin (bile pigment)
112
Chol/e
Gall or bile
113
chlorhydr/o
Hydrochloric acid
114
gluc/o
Sugar
115
glyc/o
Sugar
116
glycogen/o
Glycogen, animal starch
117
lip/o
Fat
118
lith/o
Stone
119
prote/o
Protein
120
py/o
Pus
121
sial/o
saliva, salivary
122
steat/o
Fat
123
-ase
Enzyme
124
-chezia
Defecation, elimination of wastes
125
-iasis
Abnormal condition
126
Prandial
Meal
127
Anastomose
Ket noi 2 co quan voi nhau
128
Omentum
Mang noi giua da day va cac co quan trong bung
129
Mesocolon = Mesentery
Mang treo ruot
130
Pathology
Benh ly hoc
131
Anorexia
Chung bien an
Lack of appetite
132
Ascites
Bung u nuoc, co truong
133
Borborygmus, borborygmi
Chung soi bung
134
Constipation
Tao bon
135
Diarrhea
Tieu chay
136
Dysphagia
Chung kho nuot
137
Eructation
Chung o hoi
138
Flatus
Dit
139
Hematochezia
ia ra mau tuoi
140
Jaundice, icterus
Chung vang da, bi duc mat
141
Melena
ia co mau mau sam, ia mau den
142
Nausea
Kho chiu o bung va mac oi
143
Steatorrhea
Cut co mo; cut hoi thoi
144
Aphthous stomatitis
Noi den
145
Ulcer
Cho lo loet
146
Dental caries
Tooth decay
147
Herpetic stomatitis
Dau mieng do nhiem virus Herpea type 1
148
Oral leukoplakia
Chung bach san o mieng
149
Periodontal disease
Bi dau va bi teo nuu, rang va xung quanh xuong rang
150
Achalasia
Co bi mat gian o LES
151
Esophageal varices
Chung gian tinh mach o doan cuoi thuc quan
152
Varicose veins
Tinh mach bi gian
153
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Trao nguoc da day
154
Peptic ulcer
Bi loet mang nhay da day hay ta trang
155
Hernia
Chung thoat vi
156
Anal fistula
Bat thuong lo ro hau mon
157
Colonic polyposis
Khoi u, buou nho tren mang nhay ruot
158
Polyp
Khoi u, buou nho
159
Colorectal cancer
Ung thu ruot or truc trang or ca 2
160
Crohn disease
Benh man tinh, benh kinh nien
161
Chronic
Man tinh, kinh nien
162
Diverticulosis
Phinh ra tui nho bat thuong trong thanh ruot
163
Dysentery
Benh ly.
164
Hemorrhoids
Benh tri ( gia tinh mach vung truc trang)
165
ileus
Bi tat nghen duong ruot
166
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Benh viem ruot
167
Intussusception
Benh long ruot
168
IBS- irritable bowel syndrome
Hoi chung ruot bi kich thich
169
Tension , stress
Cang thang
170
Ulcerative colitis
Viem loet dai trang
Chung viem ruot kinh nien do co nhung cho loet
171
Volvulus
Chung xoan ruot
172
cirrhosis
Benh so gan, benh gan man tinh
173
Contamination
Su nhiem benh
174
Pathogen
Mam benh
175
Teratogenic
Di dang (trong thai)
176
Cholelithiasis
Soi trong tui mat
177
Plaques or patches
Mang or vet, dom lon
