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Medical Terminology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Pulmonary parenchyma:
A

Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli.

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2
Q
  1. Laryngectomy:
A

removal of larynx or voice box.

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3
Q
  1. Phren/o:
A

diaphragm

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4
Q
  1. Asbestosis:
A

abnormal condition of asbestos fiber particles in the lungs.

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5
Q
  1. Orthopnea:
A

Breathing is only comfortable when the patient is in an upright position.

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6
Q
  1. Pyothorax:
A

pus collection in the pleural cavity.

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7
Q
  1. DPT:
A

diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (vaccine)

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8
Q
  1. Lung sounds:
A

+ Rales (crackles): abnormal, fine, crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli. These popping or clicking sounds can be heard in patients with pneumonia, bronchiectasis, or acute bronchitis.

+ Stridor: Strained, high-pitched sounds heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx. Common causes of stridor include throat abscess, airway injury, croup, allergic reaction, epiglottitis and laryngitis.

+ Wheezes: wheezes are heard when air forced through narrowed or obstructed airways. Asthma as bronchi narrow and tighten.

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9
Q
  1. Atelectasis:
A

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli.
- 2 forms:
+ Proximal obstruction of distal airway.
+ Collection of fluid, blood and air in pleural cavity.

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10
Q
  1. Expectoration:
A

Material is expelled from the lung.

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11
Q
  1. Pulmonary abscess:
A

Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.

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12
Q
  1. Hemoptysis:
A

spitting up blood from the respiratory tract.

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13
Q
  1. COPD:
A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

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14
Q
  1. Endoscopic exam of lungs:

bronchoscopy

A

bronchoscopy: fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tube:
⇒ place the bronchoscope through the throat, larynx, and trachea into the bronchi for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of secretions.

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15
Q
  1. Hypercapnia vs Hypoxemia
A

Hypercapnia: Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.

Hypoxemia: Tissues have a decreased amount of oxygen, and cyanosis can result

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16
Q
  1. Thoracotomy:
A

Large surgical incision of the chest.

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17
Q
  1. Bacillus:
A

rod-shaped bacteria (cause of tuberculosis)

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18
Q
  1. Laryngoscopy:
A

to examine the voice box (a lighted, flexible endoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into the larynx.

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19
Q
  1. Hemoglobin:
A

blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells.

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20
Q
  1. Vaccination:
A

introduction of vaccine (containing dead or weakened antigen) to produce immunity. It is a type of acquired immunity.

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21
Q

Parts of long bones

A

slide 13

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22
Q
  1. Differentiate anemias
A

decrease number of erythrocytes or an abnormality of the hemoglobin within the red blood cells.
Aplastic anemia: failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells

Hemolytic anemia: reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Pernicious anemia: lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

Sickle cell: hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shape erythrocytes and hemolysis

Thalassemia: an inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia

Hemochromatosis: excess iron deposits throughout the body

Polycythemia vera: general increase in red blood cells

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23
Q
  1. Immature blood cells:
A

reticulocyte, myelocytes, megakaryocyte, erythroblast.

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24
Q
  1. Polycythemia vera vs Hemochromatosis:
A

Polycythemia vera: increase in numbers of red blood cells (erythremia)

Hemochromatosis: Excessive deposits of iron throughout the body.

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25
25. Hemophilia:
excessive bleeding caused by the lack one of the protein substances necessary for blood clotting; patients often bleed into weight-bearing joints, especially the ankles and knees.
26
26. Coagulation time vs Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Sed rate)
Coagulation time: time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube. Normal time is less than 15 minutes. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Sed rate) : speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma.
27
27. Hematocrit vs Sed rate:
Hematocrit: percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood Sed rate : speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma.
28
28. Edema (swelling) vs Petechiae:
Edema (swelling): results when too much fluid from blood “leaks” out into tissues. Petechiae: are tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages.
29
29. Immunoglobins:
Antibodies secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen
30
30. Relapse vs Remission
Relapse: sliding or falling back; as in recurrence of symptoms or decline after apparent recovery. Remission: disappearance of symptoms of disease.
31
31. Interstitial fluid:
Fluid that fills the spaces in b/w cells, becomes lymph in lymph capillaries.
32
32. Areas of lymph nodes:
``` Lymph capillaries Lymph vessels Lymph nodes Cervical (neck) Axillary (armpit) Mediastinal (chest) Mesenteric (intestinal) Paraaortic (lumbar) Inguinal (groin) Right lymphatic duct Thoracic duct ```
33
33. T-cells:
Lymphocyte - originating in the thymus gland - destroys antigens by direct action - produces cytokines such as interferons and interleukins.
34
34. Tonsils vs Adenoids:
Tonsils: masses of lymphatic tissue on the either side of the back oropharynx Adenoids: small masses of lymphatic tissue in the throat, close to the nasal passageway nasopharynx
35
35. Bone marrow
Yellow marrow: chiefly fat Red marrow: rich with blood vessels and immature and mature blood cells in various stages of development; in later life replaced with yellow marrow; hematopoieses is the formation of all types of blood cells in the bone marrow Ribs, pelvic bone, sternum, vertebrae, epiphyses of long bones
36
36. Lymphocytosis
Increase in the numbers of lymphocytes in the bloodstream.
37
37. HIV
Virus (retrovirus) that cause AIDS
38
38. Hodgkin disease
Hodgkin disease (Reed-Sternberg cell)
39
39. Herpes simplex
HPV
40
39. Skin cancer seen in AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma: arises from the lining of the capillaries and appears red, purple, brown, black skin nodules
41
40. Opportunistic lung disease seen in AIDS
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), tuberculosis (TB)
42
41. Cancellous bone
spongy, porous bone tissue, inner part of a bone (Trabecular bone)
43
42. Shoulder bone
Acromion: outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder.
44
43. Bones of the face
``` Nasal bones Lacrimal bones Maxillary bones Mandibular bones Zygomatic bones Vomer ```
45
44. Bones of cranium
``` Frontal bone Parietal bone Temporal bone Occipital bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone ```
46
45. Diaphysis vs epiphysis
Diaphysis: shaft Epiphysis: end
47
46. Subluxation of the vertebra
partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its joint trat khop
48
47. Spinal deformities
can happen when unnatural curvature occurs; due to defect or damage to the spine (scoliosis, kyphosis, spondylolisthesis, ankylosing spondylitis)
49
48. skeletal bones
general
50
49. Osteomyelitis vs osteoporosis
Osteomyelitis: inflammation of bone and bone marrow Osteoporosis: abnormal condition of increased loss of bony tissue. Bones become thin, weak, and brittle ad break easily (loang xuong)
51
50. Fractures
``` Femur - Comminuted fracture - Greenstick fracture Humerus - Compound fracture - Impacted fracture wrist - Colles fracture Spine - Compression fracture ```
52
51. Kyphosis vs ankylosis
Kyphosis: abnormal condition of outward curvature (convexity) of the thoracic spine Ankylosis: immobility (fusion) of a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure. Kyphosis : tat gu ; convexity: do loi ankylosis : chung cung lien khop
53
52. Rheumatoid arthritis vs osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis: viem khop mang tinh (ban tay, co tay, dau goi , ban chan) Osteoarthritis: viem xuong va khop
54
53. Leiomyosarcoma vs leiomyoma
Leiomyosarcoma: malignant tumor of smooth muscle Leiomyoma: benign tumor of smooth muscle
55
54. Supination vs pronation
Supination: Turning the palm upward Pronation: Turning the palm downward
56
55. Skeletal vs Visceral
Skeletal muscle: striated muscle ( connected to bones) Visceral muscle: smooth muscle ( connected to internal organs)
57
56. Endotracheal intubation
tube is placed through the mouth to the trachea to establish an airway
58
57. Myeloid
derived from bone marrow
59
58. Pertussis
whooping cough
60
59. electrophoresis
tach serum
61
60. Poikilocytosis
Abnormal shape of red blood cells
62
61. Hematopoietic stem cell
an undifferentiated blood cell
63
62. Acute lymphocytic leukemia
symptoms of pallor, shortness of breath, infection, bleeding gums... pallor: xanh xao
64
Erythropoietin (EPO) vs Colony stimulating factor (CSF)
Erythropoietin (EPO): hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cells formation. Colony stimulating factor (CSF): protein stimulating formation of white blood cells.
65
Shape and form of blood cells
``` Ansiocytosis Hypochromia = less hemoglobin Macrocytosis Microcytosis Poikilocytosis Spherocytosis (rounded) ```
66
Multiple myeloma
Malignant tumor of bone marrow cells
67
Leukocytosis
A slight increase in normal white blood cells-> occurs as white blood cells multiply to fight an infection Khac voi Leukemia

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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